Table 1.
General characteristics of included studies.
| Study Number | Authors | Year | Country | Test Group | Control Group | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prakash P Athiban et al. | 2012 | India | Aloe vera | NaOCl (+ve control), Saline (-ve control) | Aloe vera produce effective (21 mm) zones of inhibition on agar plate. Nearly, similar bacterial effects to NaOCl even after 48hrs of incubation. |
| 2 | Leila Bazvand et al. | 2013 | Iran | *TAM, CHX gel, Propolis, Aloe vera gel, | Normal saline (+ve control), No inoculation (-ve control) |
Aloe vera showed no significant difference t in comparison with other medicaments, it was less effective (P < 0.05). TAM was most effective. |
| 3 | Swati Ramesh Karkare et al. | 2015 | India | Hydro-alcoholic extract of Aloe vera and Garlic | NaOCl (+ve control) | Saturated hydro-alcoholic extract of Aloe vera showed the highest zone of inhibition against E. faecalis similar to NaOCl. |
| 4 | Sahebi S. et al. | 2013 | Iran | Aloe Vera gel, , NaOCl |
May be Normal saline@ | Inhibitory effect of NaOCl on E. faecalis was much greater than Aloe vera and normal saline (p < 0.001). |
| 5 | Anuj Bhardwaj et al. | 2012 | India | CaOH, Papain gel, Morinda citrifolia gel, Aloe vera, CHX | Saline (-ve control) | 2% CHX produced 100% antimicrobial efficacy as compared to Aloe vera gel (78.9%). |
| 6 | Abbas Abbaszadegan et al. | 2014 | Iran | CaOH, Zataria multiflora, Aloe vera | Sterile Saline (+ve control), No inoculation (-ve control) | Herbal medicaments showed equal antimicrobial efficiency against E. faecalis, comparable to CaOH. Statistically significant difference between all medicaments noted after 1and 7 days but not after 14 days. |
| 7 | Prashant Babaji et al. | 2016 | India | NaOCl, M. citrifolia, Neem extract, Aloe vera | Distilled water | Highest inhibitory zone against E. faecalis was seen in NaOCl fallowed by M. citrifolia and Neem extract, and least by Aloe vera extract. |
| 8 | Maryam Ehsani et al. | 2013 | Iran | Propolis hydro-alcoholic extract, Aloe vera, CHX | Ethanol/ Distilled water (-ve control) | Aloe vera gel also showed significant antibacterial effect. However, Propolis is more potent than Aloe vera |
| 9 | Ikmal Hisham Ismail et al. | 2020 | Malaysia | MP$, Aloe vera, MP + AV | CaOH (positive control), DMSO # (negative control | Propolis (mean = 6.21 mm ± 0.046) showed better antimicrobial activity compared to Aloe Vera (mean: 5.05 ± 0.012) alone against E. faecalis |
| 10 | Negin Ghasem et al. | 2020 | Iran | Aloe vera, CaOH | PBS= | Aloe vera showed significant antibacterial properties against E. faecalis in contrast to CaOH. Disregarded 4th and 6th week biofilms. |
| 11 | Pachalla M. Sailaja et al. | 2020 | India | Q Mix 2 in 1+, NaOCl, chitosan, Aloe vera juice, Amla juice, Pancha tulsi | No medicament (positive control)No inoculation (negative control) |
Pancha tulsi showed significant disinfectant action on the GP cones followed by Q Mix 2, Amla juice, NaOCl, Aloe vera |
| 12 | Thilla S Vinothkumar et al. | 2012 | India | Curcuma longa (CL), Azadiracta indica (AI), Aloebarbadensis (AV) , Myristica fragrans (MF), Terminalia chebula (TC) |
saline (-ve control), NaOCl (+ve control) | The efficiency of the extracts against E. faecalis in descending order are as follows: AI, CL, MF, TC and AV with (p < 0.0001). |
| 13 | Ramamurthy Varshini et al. | 2019 | India | CaOH, Aloe vera, Ricinus communis (castor oil), Fresh lemon extract. | Normal saline | CaOH presented significantly greater antimicrobial ability than Aloe vera, Lemon, and R. communis (P < 0.05) |
| 14 | Marcia Carneiro Valera et al. |
2013 |
Brazil |
NaOCl, CHX Castor oil (Ricinus communis), Glycolic ginger, Glycolic Aloe vera | May be Sterile saline solution@ | Reduction of bacterial count (CFU/mL) for groups NaOCl, CHX, Castor oil and Ginger was greater in comparison to Aloe vera and Saline |
| 15 | Soujanya Goud et al. | 2018 | India | NaOCl, CHX, Aloe vera | Saline (+ve control) | 2% CHX showed highest antimicrobial effect. No significant difference was found between 3% NaOCl and Aloe vera (p > 0.001) against E. faecalis. |
| 16 | Agrima Vasudeva et al. | 2017 | India | CHX, Honey, Aloe vera gel, Curcuma longa, Propolis, CaOH |
Saline (negative control) | 2% Chlorhexidine gel was most effective followed by Propolis, Curcuma longa, Honey, CaOH, Aloe vera, and Saline. |
| 17 | M. C. Noushad et al. | 2018 | KSA | Aloe vera, Cashew apple extract, Guava leaf extract, Papaya leaf extract | NaOCl (+ve control) | A significant variance between the diameters of zones of inhibition of bacterial growth attained for 5.2% NaOCl, Aloe vera extract, Cashew apple extract, Papaya leaf extract, and Guava leaf extract against E. faecalis (P < 0.05) |
| 18 | Mahsa Eskandarinezhad et al. | 2022 |
Iran | CaOH, Curcumin paste, Aloe vera gel | Normal saline (+ve control) | Aloe vera showed 98.79% antimicrobial effects than control group. However, no statistical difference (P = 0.057) between Aloe vera, CaOH, Curcumin paste. |
@ not mentioned exactly about control group.
*Tri-antibiotic mixture (0.5 g of ciprofloxacin + 0.5 g of minocycline + 0.5 g of metronidazole mixed in normal saline 2:1 ratio).
* Morinda citrifolia juice.
$Malaysian geopropolis.
#Dimethyl sulfoxide.
= Phosphate-buffered saline.
+ QMix™ 2 in 1 is a mixture of (bisbiguanide antimicrobial agent, polyamine carboxylic acid calcium chelating agent, saline, and a surfactant).