Table 2.
Clinical characteristics
| Variable | Total* | Depression & Anxiety** |
Depression & OCD*** |
Depression Alone**** |
p-value | Standardized Differences***** |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dep Alone vs. Dep & Anx |
Dep Alone vs. Dep & OCD |
Dep & Anx vs. Dep & OCD |
||||||
| n = 797 | n = 482 | n = 124 | n = 191 | |||||
| CHRT-SR, mean (sd) | ||||||||
| Propensity | 16.0 (8.5) | 16.8 (8.1) | 17.5 (8.9) | 12.9 (8.4) | <0.0001 | 0.47 | 0.53 | 0.08 |
| Suicidal Thoughts | 2.7 (2.9) | 2.9 (3.0) | 3.3 (3.2) | 2.0 (2.5) | 0.000 | 0.30 | 0.43 | 0.13 |
| Impulsivity | 4.9 (2.4) | 5.1 (2.4) | 5.3 (2.3) | 4.4 (2.4) | 0.001 | 0.27 | 0.38 | 0.11 |
| Total | 28.5 (12.8) | 29.8 (12.1) | 31.3 (13.5) | 23.4 (12.6) | <0.0001 | 0.51 | 0.60 | 0.12 |
| PHQ9 Total Score, mean (sd) | 12.9 (6.3) | 13.6 (6.0) | 15.0 (6.5) | 9.8 (5.8) | 0.64 | 0.85 | 0.23 | |
| Depression Severity, n (%) | <0.0001 | -- | -- | -- | ||||
| None (PHQ: 0-4) | 79 (9.9) | 31 (6.4) | 7 (5.6) | 41 (21.5) | ||||
| Mild (PHQ: 5-9) | 170 (21.3) | 96 (19.9) | 17 (13.7) | 57 (29.8) | ||||
| Moderate (PHQ: 10-14) | 228 (28.6) | 140 (29.0) | 35 (28.2) | 53 (27.7) | ||||
| Moderately Severe (15-19) | 186 (23.3) | 128 (26.6) | 29 (23.4) | 29 (15.2) | ||||
| Severe (20+) | 134 (16.8) | 87 (18.1) | 36 (29.0) | 11 (5.8) | ||||
| GAD7 Total Score, mean (sd) | 11.2 (5.8) | 12.3 (5.4) | 13.0 (5.3) | 7.5 (5.3) | <0.0001 | 0.89 | 1.05 | 0.14 |
| Anxiety Severity, n (%) | <0.0001 | -- | -- | -- | ||||
| None (GAD: 0-4) | 106 (13.3) | 39 (8.1) | 4 (3.2) | 63 (33.0) | ||||
| Mild (GAD: 5-9) | 217 (27.2) | 120 (24.9) | 29 (23.4) | 68 (35.6) | ||||
| Moderate (GAD: 10-14) | 224 (28.1) | 147 (30.5) | 37 (29.8) | 40 (20.9) | ||||
| Severe (GAD: 15+) | 250 (31.4) | 176 (36.5) | 54 (43.6) | 20 (10.5) | ||||
| IDS-SR Total Score, mean (sd)* | 32.9 (13.5) | 34.8 (12.6) | 38.1 (13.4) | 25.0 (12.5) | <0.0001 | 0.79 | 1.01 | 0.25 |
| CD-RISC Total Score, mean (sd)* | 18.9 (7.7) | 17.8 (7.3) | 18.8 (8.3) | 21.5 (7.8) | <0.0001 | 0.49 | 0.33 | 0.13 |
| PHQ9 Suicidal Ideation | <0.0001 | 0.41 | 0.51 | 0.10 | ||||
| N | 449 (56.7) | 253 (52.8) | 59 (48.0) | 137 (72.1) | ||||
| Y | 343 (43.3) | 226 (47.2) | 64 (52.0) | 53 (27.9) | ||||
| Substance Use, n (%) | 0.011 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.13 | ||||
| N | 613 (76.9) | 387 (80.3) | 93 (75.0) | 133 (69.6) | ||||
| Y | 184 (23.1) | 95 (19.7) | 31 (25.0) | 58 (30.4) | ||||
| Exposure to Trauma, n (%) | 0.339 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.13 | ||||
| N | 290 (36.4) | 179 (37.1) | 38 (30.6) | 73 (38.2) | ||||
| Y | 507 (63.6) | 303 (62.9) | 86 (63.4) | 118 (61.8) | ||||
| Comorbid Medical Problems | 0.334 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.08 | ||||
| N | 396 (65.3) | 249 (64.7) | 53 (60.9) | 94 (70.1) | ||||
| Y | 210 (34.7) | 136 (35.3) | 34 (39.1) | 40 (29.9) | ||||
| Unknown | ||||||||
| CAST-SR, mean (sd)* | ||||||||
| Irritability | 15.3 (4.7) | 15.9 (4.4) | 16.4 (4.7) | 13.0 (4.6) | <0.0001 | 0.65 | 0.74 | 0.11 |
| Anxiety | 9.7 (3.2) | 10.1 (3.0) | 10.6 (2.7) | 7.9 (3.2) | <0.0001 | 0.72 | 0.90 | 0.15 |
| Insomnia | 6.0 (2.4) | 6.2 (2.4) | 6.4 (2.4) | 5.2 (2.4) | <0.0001 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.09 |
| Panic | 4.4 (2.1) | 4.6 (2.1) | 4.9 (2.2) | 3.5 (1.6) | <0.0001 | 0.61 | 0.71 | 0.10 |
| Mania | 10.8 (7.0) | 10.6 (3.6) | 10.7 (3.6) | 11.4 (3.4) | 0.032 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.01 |
| PROMIS, mean (sd) | ||||||||
| Depression | 12.7 (4.8) | 13.5 (4.6) | 14.0 (4.4) | 10.2 (4.6) | <0.0001 | 0.71 | 0.83 | 0.12 |
| Anxiety | 12.4 (4.5) | 13.4 (4.2) | 13.8 (4.3) | 8.9 (3.8) | <0.0001 | 1.12 | 1.20 | 0.10 |
| Fatigue | 13.1 (4.9) | 13.8 (4.7) | 14.2 (4.3) | 10.9 (5.0) | <0.0001 | 0.60 | 0.71 | 0.09 |
| Function/Mobility | 17.4 (3.2) | 17.0 (3.2) | 17.0 (3.5) | 18.6 (2.5) | <0.0001 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.01 |
| Pain Interference | 9.2 (4.9) | 9.7 (4.9) | 9.9 (5.3) | 7.6 (4.3) | <0.0001 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.04 |
| Pain Severity | 3.2 (2.6) | 3.3 (2.6) | 3.6 (2.9) | 2.5 (2.3) | 0.000 | 0.34 | 0.42 | 0.10 |
| Peer Relationships | 13.0 (4.2) | 12.5 (4.0) | 13.3 (4.2) | 14.3 (4.4) | <0.0001 | 0.42 | 0.24 | 0.18 |
| Sleep | 13.0 (4.1) | 12.8 (4.0) | 14.0 (3.8) | 12.6 (4.3) | 0.259 | 0.05 | 0.33 | 0.29 |
| Social Activities | 13.3 (4.0) | 12.2 (3.7) | 12.9 (3.7) | 15.3 (3.9) | <0.0001 | 0.81 | 0.63 | 0.19 |
| SCARED, mean (sd)* | ||||||||
| Anxiety Disorder | 39.7 (18.4) | 43.9 (16.7) | 45.5 (19.0) | 26.0 (14.9) | <0.0001 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 0.09 |
| Panic Disorder | 10.8 (7.0) | 11.9 (6.6) | 13.3 (7.2) | 6.4 (5.7) | <0.0001 | 0.90 | 1.07 | 0.20 |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 11.3 (5.0) | 12.4 (4.3) | 12.6 (5.0) | 7.6 (4.7) | <0.0001 | 1.07 | 1.03 | 0.04 |
| Separation Anxiety Disorder | 5.3 (4.1) | 5.8 (4.1) | 6.6 (4.4) | 3.3 (3.2) | <0.0001 | 0.68 | 0.87 | 0.19 |
| Social Phobic Disorder | 8.7 (4.2) | 9.6 (3.9) | 8.7 (4.1) | 6.5 (4.0) | <0.0001 | 0.79 | 0.56 | 0.21 |
| Significant School Avoidance Symptoms | 3.7 (2.6) | 4.1 (2.5) | 4.2 (2.8) | 2.3 (2.0) | <0.0001 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.04 |
| SAS-SR School Adjustment | 2.4 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.1 (0.8) | <0.0001 | 0.54 | 0.51 | 0.00 |
| BTPS Domains | ||||||||
| Stressors and Obstacles | 26.5 (7.3) | 27.1 (7.7) | 25.1 (5.4) | 25.7 (7.2) | 0.027 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.29 |
| Perceived Relevance | 13.4 (4.2) | 13.7 (4.3) | 12.7 (3.3) | 12.8 (4.3) | 0.024 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.27 |
| Therapist Relationships | 8.3 (3.0) | 8.5 (3.2) | 7.7 (2.3) | 8.0 (2.9) | 0.023 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.31 |
| BTPS Total | 61.0 (15.0) | 62.5 (15.6) | 57.6 (11.2) | 59.0 (15.1) | 0.004 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.36 |
| Youth THRIVE Domains | ||||||||
| Resilience | 27.7 (6.7) | 26.8 (6.5) | 27.7 (6.7) | 30.0 (6.7) | <0.0001 | 0.49 | 0.35 | 0.14 |
| Connections | 60.7 (14.0) | 59.7 (13.9) | 61.6 (14.3) | 62.5 (13.8) | 0.044 | 0.21 | 0.07 | 0.14 |
| Development | 48.4 (8.9) | 47.5 (8.9) | 49.6 (9.2) | 49.6 (8.5) | 0.007 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.23 |
| Support | 35.7 (9.1) | 34.9 (9.1) | 35.8 (9.5) | 37.5 (8.7) | 0.004 | 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.10 |
| Competence | 55.5 (9.7) | 54.9 (9.5) | 55.8 (10.3) | 56.9 (9.5) | 0.061 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.09 |
| Number of Services Used | 5.9 (2.1) | 6.1 (2.1) | 6.1 (1.9) | 5.5 (2.2) | 0.012 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.00 |
Total Sample: PHQ Suicidal Ideation n = 792, Comorbid Medical Problems n = 606, IDS-SR n = 749, CD-RISC n = 775, CAST-SR n = 760, SCARED n = 776, PROMIS n = 768, PROMIS Peer Relationships n = 590, PROMIS Sleep n = 178, PROMIS Social n = 178, BTPS n = 603, YRS n = 770
Depression and Anxiety: PHQ Suicidal Ideation n = 479, Comorbid Medical Problems n = 385, IDS-SR n = 446, CD-RISC n = 466, CAST-SR n = 457, SCARED n = 467, PROMIS n = 462, PROMIS Peer Relationships n = 375, PROMIS Sleep n = 87, PROMIS Social n = 87, SAS-SR n = 348, BTPS n = 384, YRS n = 462
Depression and OCD: PHQ Suicidal Ideation n = 123, Comorbid Medical Problems n = 87, IDS-SR n = 117, CD-RISC n = 119, CAST-SR n = 118, SCARED n = 119, PROMIS n = 116, PROMIS Peer Relationships n = 80, PROMIS Sleep n = 36, PROMIS Social n = 36, BTPS n = 87, YRS n = 118
Depression Alone: PHQ Suicidal Ideation n = 190, Comorbid Medical Problems n = 134, IDS-SR n = 186, CD-RISC n = 190, CAST-SR n = 185, SCARED n = 190, PROMIS n = 190, PROMIS Peer Relationships n = 135, PROMIS Sleep n = 55, PROMIS Social n = 55, BTPS n = 132, YRS n = 190
The pattern of findings remained the same when age was covaried.