Table 1.
Sociodemographic, mental health and physical health predictors of participation in the COPING baseline survey
| Variable | Did not complete COPING baseline (N = 21,802) |
Completed COPING baseline (N = 12,483) |
OR (CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 0.01 (0—0.26) | ||
| Age | 36 (13.82) | 42.2 (14.61) | 1.03 (1.03—1.03) |
| Gender (ref: Male) | |||
| Female | 16,583 (76%) | 10,008 (80%) | 1.59 (1.49—1.71) |
| Non-binary/Prefer not to say | 457 (2.1%) | 244 (2%) | 1.68 (1.38—2.04) |
| Highest education (ref: College or university degree) | |||
| A-levels/AS levels or equivalent | 5,169 (24%) | 2,490 (20%) | 0.91 (0.85—0.97) |
| O-levels/GCSEs or CSEs or equivalent | 4,163 (19%) | 1,967 (16%) | 0.7 (0.65—0.76) |
| NVQ, HND, HNC or equivalent | 576 (2.6%) | 284 (3.1%) | 0.73 (0.61—0.86) |
| None of the above | 923 (4.2%) | 385 (3.1%) | 0.55 (0.47—0.63) |
| Ethnicity (ref: White) | |||
| Mixed | 570 (2.6%) | 273 (2.2%) | 1.03 (0.87—1.22) |
| Asian or Asian British | 353 (1.6%) | 96 (0.8%) | 0.58 (0.44—0.77) |
| Black or Black British | 132 (0.6%) | 37 (0.3%) | 0.46 (0.29—0.7) |
| Arab | 24 (0.1%) | 7 (< 0.1%) | 0.37 (0.08—1.16) |
| Other | 212 (1%) | 115 (0.9%) | 0.85 (0.65—1.1) |
| Employment status (ref: Employed or self-employed) | |||
| Retired | 845 (3.9%) | 1,154 (9.3%) | 0.97 (0.85—1.09) |
| Looking after home and/or family | 777 (3.6%) | 416 (3.3%) | 0.93 (0.81—1.07) |
| Unable to work because of sickness or disability | 2,636 (12%) | 1,468 (12%) | 0.96 (0.88—1.05) |
| Unemployed | 925 (4.3%) | 415 (3.3%) | 0.98 (0.85—1.13) |
| Doing unpaid or voluntary work | 331 (1.5%) | 234 (1.9%) | 0.91 (0.74—1.1) |
| Full or part-time student | 3,243 (15%) | 1,176 (9.4%) | 0.95 (0.86—1.04) |
| None of the above | 174 (0.8%) | 108 (0.9%) | 0.92 (0.68—1.23) |
| Relationship status (ref: Single) | |||
| Relationship or married/civil partnership | 13,336 (62%) | 7,957 (64%) | 1 (0.94—1.07) |
| Divorced/widowed/separated | 1,695 (7.9%) | 1,351 (11%) | 0.94 (0.85—1.04) |
| PHQ | 12.4 (6.97) | 11.2 (6.86) | 1 (1—1.01) |
| GAD | 10 (6.07) | 8.8 (6.06) | 0.99 (0.99—1) |
| AUDIT | 7.4 (6.74) | 6.3 (6.02) | 0.99 (0.98—0.99) |
| Smoking status (ref: Never smoked) | |||
| I smoke now | 4,530 (21%) | 1,502 (12%) | 0.74 (0.68—0.8) |
| I used to smoke | 6,726 (31%) | 4,206 (34%) | 0.88 (0.83—0.93) |
| Physical health comorbidities (ref: No physical health disorders) | |||
| 1 physical health disorder | 7,517 (35%) | 4,480 (36%) | 1.11 (1.05—1.18) |
| 2 + physical health disorders | 3,956 (18%) | 2,952 (24%) | 1.19 (1.1—1.27) |
| Total mental health disorders | 2.6 (1.11) | 2.5 (1.08) | 1.06 (0.98—1.14) |
| Anxiety and depression comorbidity (ref: Anxiety and depressive disorder) | |||
| No anxiety or depressive disorder | 147 (0.8%) | 82 (0.8%) | 0.83 (0.59—1.15) |
| Depressive disorder only | 1,892 (10%) | 1,328 (12%) | 1.07 (0.95—1.2) |
| Anxiety disorder only | 339 (1.8%) | 223 (2.1%) | 0.94 (0.77—1.15) |
| Eating disorders (ref: No eating disorder) | 2,520 (12%) | 1,370 (11%) | 0.94 (0.84—1.05) |
| Obsessive–compulsive related disorders (ref: No OCRDs) | 2,813 (13%) | 1,397 (11%) | 0.89 (0.8—1) |
| Psychotic and bipolar disorders (ref: No psychotic and bipolar disorder) | 295 (1.4%) | 163 (1.3%) | 0.85 (0.65—1.12) |
| Only psychotic disorder | 453 (2.1%) | 229 (1.8%) | 0.89 (0.73—1.08) |
| Only bipolar disorder | 1,275 (5.9%) | 692 (5.5%) | 0.87 (0.76—0.99) |
| Autistic spectrum disorder (ref: No ASD) | 732 (3.4%) | 378 (3%) | 1.15 (0.97—1.36) |
| Attention Deficit (/Hyperactivity) Disorder (ref: No ADHD or ADD) | 551 (2.5%) | 199 (1.6%) | 0.76 (0.62—0.93) |
| Personality disorder (ref: No PD) | 1,823 (8.4%) | 932 (7.5%) | 1.04 (0.92—1.18) |
| Start date | 1 (1—1) | ||
| Saliva kit returned (ref: No saliva kit provided) | 13,362 (61%) | 10,771 (86%) | 3.6 (3.38—3.85) |
This table displays results from the logistic regression model examining the relationship between sociodemographic, mental health and physical health factors with participation in the COPING follow-up surveys. A variable with an OR > 1 indicates that participation in the COPING baseline survey become more likely as the characteristic increases, whereas an OR of < 1 indicates that participation becomes less likely as the characteristic increases. The bonferroni adjusted p-value threshold was 0.00119 (0.05 / 42), and an asterisk indicates significance at this threshold
Abbreviations: PHQ Patient Health Questionnaire-9, GAD Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment 7, AUDIT Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, OCRD Obsessive–Compulsive Related Disorder, ASD Autistic Spectrum Disorder, AD(H)D Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, PD Personality Disorder