Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | No MACE (N = 1078) | MACE (N = 137) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 59.9 ± 10.2 | 61.4 ± 10.7 | 0.16 |
| Male | 570 (52.9%) | 82 (59.9%) | 0.12 |
| Body mass index (kg/m²) | 26.2 ± 3.6 | 26.3 ± 3.5 | 0.33 |
| Cardiac risk factors | |||
| Hypertension | 716 (66.4%) | 94 (68.6%) | 0.61 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 560 (51.9%) | 94 (68.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Current smoking | 279 (25.9%) | 48 (35.0%) | 0.02 |
| Family history of CAD | 262 (24.3%) | 33 (24.1%) | 0.96 |
| Framingham risk score | 18 (16–20) | 19 (17–21.5) | 0.001 |
| < 10% | 8 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.31 |
| 10–20% | 836 (77.6%) | 90 (65.7%) | 0.002 |
| > 20% | 234 (21.7%) | 47 (34.3%) | 0.001 |
| Medication | |||
| Anti-platelet | 408 (37.8%) | 59 (43.1%) | 0.24 |
| Beta blocker | 356 (33.0%) | 45 (32.8%) | 0.97 |
| ACEI/ARB | 243 (22.5%) | 37 (27.0%) | 0.24 |
| Statin | 395 (36.6%) | 75 (54.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 222 (20.6%) | 37 (27.0%) | 0.08 |
| Diabetic treatment | |||
| Diet only | 219 (20.3%) | 23 (16.8%) | 0.33 |
| Oral hypoglycemic agenta | 787 (73.0%) | 98 (71.5%) | 0.72 |
| Insulin | 253 (23.5%) | 41 (29.9%) | 0.10 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or n (%)
CAD coronary artery disease, MACE major adverse cardiovascular events
aOral hypoglycemic agent included those from the biguanide, thiazolidinedione, sulfonylurea, meglitinide classes, α-glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitor and SGLT2 inhibitors