Table 2.
Comparison of demographic characteristics, maternal history, and syphilitic related characteristics of pregnant women with syphilis.
| Characteristics | Normal group (n = 9,943) | Adverse pregnancy outcome group (n = 1,403) | X2 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, n (%) | 21.762 | <0.001 | ||
| <20 years | 268(2.7) | 52(3.7) | ||
| 20–34 years | 7,702(77.5) | 1,009(71.9) | ||
| ≥35 years | 1973(19.8) | 342(24.4) | ||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 3.818 | 0.051 | ||
| Han | 8,683(87.3) | 1,199(85.5) | ||
| Minorities | 1,260(12.7) | 204(14.5) | ||
| Education level, n (%) | 9.218 | 0.027 | ||
| Primary school or below | 741(7.5) | 125(9) | ||
| Middle-school (junior middle-school, senior middle school) | 8,102(81.4) | 1,109(79) | ||
| Technical secondary school, college, university, or above | 664(6.7) | 89(6.3) | ||
| Unknown | 436(4.4) | 80(5.7) | ||
| Occupation, n (%) | 4.847 | 0.089 | ||
| Farmer | 3,529(35.5) | 456(32.5) | ||
| Housewife or unemployed | 4,883(49.1) | 723(51.5) | ||
| Others | 1,531(15.4) | 224(16) | ||
| Marriage, n (%) | 35.644 | <0.001 | ||
| Married | 9,572(96.3) | 1,303(92.8) | ||
| Unmarried | 371(3.7) | 100(7.2) | ||
| Gravidity, n (%) | 3.037 | 0.219 | ||
| 1 previous pregnancy | 1919(19.3) | 254(18.1) | ||
| 2 previous pregnancies | 3,123(31.4) | 423(30.1) | ||
| ≥3 previous pregnancies | 4,901(49.3) | 726(51.8) | ||
| Parity, n (%) | 0.13 | 0.719 | ||
| Primipara | 3,184(32.0) | 456(32.5) | ||
| Pluripara | 6,759(68.0) | 947(67.5) | ||
| Adverse pregnancy and birth history, n (%) | 2.126 | 0.145 | ||
| No | 7,610(76.5) | 1,049(74.8) | ||
| Yes | 2,333(23.5) | 354(25.2) | ||
| Gestational week of initial test, n (%) | 7.591 | 0.022 | ||
| Early stage | 6,317(63.5) | 923(65.8) | ||
| Middle stage | 2,634(26.5) | 325(23.2) | ||
| Late stage | 992(10.0) | 155(11) | ||
| Syphilis previously diagnosed, n (%) | 5.957 | 0.015 | ||
| No | 6,627(66.6) | 981(69.9) | ||
| Yes | 3,316(33.4) | 422(30.1) | ||
| Gestational week of syphilis confirmation this time, n (%) | 20.962 | <0.001 | ||
| Early or middle stage | 5,965(60.0) | 818(58.3) | ||
| Late stage | 1744(17.5) | 225(16) | ||
| At delivery | 1736(17.5) | 262(18.7) | ||
| After delivery | 412(4.1) | 86(6.1) | ||
| Others | 86(0.9) | 12(0.9) | ||
| The diagnosis of syphilis stage, n (%) | 0.468 | 0.791 | ||
| Recessive syphilis | 6,854(68.9) | 977(69.6) | ||
| Stages I–III | 518(5.2) | 75(5.3) | ||
| Unspecified | 2,571(25.9) | 351(25) | ||
| Route of infection, n (%) | 9.295 | 0.054 | ||
| Sex transmission | 3,040(30.6) | 381(27.2) | ||
| Blood transmission | 81(0.8) | 17(1.2) | ||
| Mother-to-fetus transmission | 28(0.3) | 5(0.4) | ||
| Others transmission (e.g., skin-to-skin and indirect) | 39(0.4) | 4(0.3) | ||
| Unknown | 6,755(67.9) | 996(71) | ||
| Current syphilis status of husbands or sexual partners, n (%) | 22.915 | <0.001 | ||
| Positive | 616(6.2) | 80(5.7) | ||
| Negative | 3,222(32.4) | 370(26.4) | ||
| Unknown or untested | 6,105(61.4) | 953(67.9) | ||
| Treatment, n (%) | 438.73 | <0.001 | ||
| Standard | 3,617(36.4) | 270(19.2) | ||
| Non-standard | 5,232(52.6) | 712(50.7) | ||
| Untreated | 1,094(11.0) | 421(30) | ||