Table 2.

Prediction for occurrence of postpartum diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome in gestational diabetes mellitus cohort

Event	Develop DM	p-value	Develop HTN	p-value	Develop MS	p-value
	Adjusted HRs		Adjusted HRs		Adjusted HRs
GDM vs. Control cohort	7.07 (6.40–7.82)	< 0.001	1.54 (1.39–1.71)	< 0.001	2.51 (2.32–2.71)	< 0.001
Age of mother	1.04 (1.02–1.05)	< 0.001	1.09 (1.08–1.11)	< 0.001	1.06 (1.05–1.07)	< 0.001
Nationality	0.99 (0.89–1.10)	> 0.05	0.90 (0.81–0.99)	< 0.05	0.98 (0.90–1.06)	> 0.05
NSD vs. CS	0.76 (0.69–0.84)	< 0.001	0.68 (0.62–0.75)	< 0.001	0.75 (0.70–0.81)	< 0.001
Gestational age	0.90 (0.88–0.92)	< 0.001	0.89 (0.88–0.91)	< 0.001	0.94 (0.92–0.96)	< 0.0001
Residential area
Northern Taiwan	0.54 (0.43–0.68)	< 0.001	0.60 (0.47–0.76)	< 0.001	0.74 (0.61–0.89)	< 0.05
Northern-Central Taiwan	0.51 (0.40–0.64)	< 0.001	0.69 (0.54–0.88)	< 0.05	0.66 (0.54–0.81)	< 0.001
Central Taiwan	0.64 (0.50–0.82)	< 0.05	0.73 (0.57–0.94)	< 0.05	0.63 (0.51–0.77)	< 0.001
Southern-Central Taiwan	0.62 (0.48–0.81)	< 0.05	0.70 (0.54–0.91)	< 0.05	0.81 (0.65–0.99)	< 0.05
Southern Taiwan	0.63 (0.49–0.80)	< 0.05	0.78 (0.60–1.00)	< 0.05	0.70 (0.57–0.87)	< 0.05
Eastern Taiwan	REF.		REF.		REF.

HR Hazard ratio, DM Diabetes mellitus, HTN Hypertension, MS Metabolic syndrome, GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus, NSD Normal spontaneous delivery, CS Caesarean section, REF. Reference