Table 1.
Characteristics of participants in this study
| Category | Features | Health (n = 3774084) | Diabetes (n = 301347) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Questionnaire | Sex, n(%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Male | 1778128 (47.11%) | 141120 (46.83%) | ||
| Female | 1995956 (52.89%) | 160227 (53.17%) | ||
| Age(year) | 49.33 ± 15.58 | 61.77 ± 11.13 | < 0.001 | |
| Ethnicity, n(%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Uyghur | 2015933 (53.42%) | 133687 (44.36%) | ||
| Han | 1106565 (29.32%) | 128512 (42.65%) | ||
| Kazak | 369059 (9.78%) | 12591 (4.18%) | ||
| Hui | 177841 (4.71%) | 21256 (7.05%) | ||
| Khalkha | 36773 (0.97%) | 1025 (0.34%) | ||
| Mongol | 34752 (0.92%) | 1479 (0.49%) | ||
| Tajik | 6655 (0.70%) | 105 (0.03%) | ||
| Other | 26506 (0.18%) | 2692 (0.89%) | ||
| EH, n(%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Balanced diet | 3647207 (96.64%) | 289846 (96.18%) | ||
| Meat based | 54428 (1.44%) | 4466 (1.48%) | ||
| Vegetarian based | 72449 (1.92%) | 7035 (2.33%) | ||
| SS,n(%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Never smoked | 3352894 (88.84%) | 271177 (89.99%) | ||
| Smoking | 396921 (10.52%) | 26578 (8.82%) | ||
| Quit smoking | 24269 (0.64%) | 3592 (1.19%) | ||
| HTN,n(%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 2977467 (78.89%) | 109105 (36.21%) | ||
| Yes | 796617 (21.11%) | 192242 (63.79%) | ||
| CAD,n(%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 3609085 (95.63%) | 252633 (83.83%) | ||
| Yes | 164999 (4.37%) | 48714 (16.17%) | ||
| PDM,n(%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 3742806 (99.17%) | 294209 (97.63%) | ||
| Yes | 31278 (0.83%) | 7138 (2.37%) | ||
| Routine examination | WC (cm) | 86.36 ± 11.46 | 91.39 ± 11.46 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.08 ± 3.89 | 26.65 ± 3.76 | < 0.001 | |
| Laboratory test | HGB, g/L | 140.96 ± 16.65 | 143.11 ± 15.5 | < 0.001 |
| The WBC, × 109/L | 6.29 ± 1.47 | 6.6 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 | |
| PLT, × 109/L | 235.08 ± 57.5 | 227.88 ± 57.92 | < 0.001 | |
| FBG, mmol/L | 5.19 ± 0.69 | 5.81 ± 0.68 | < 0.001 | |
| ECG,n(%) | 0.21 ± 0.41 | 0.3 ± 0.46 | < 0.001 | |
| Normal | 2982273 (79.02%) | 212044 (70.37%) | ||
| Abnormal | 791811 (20.98%) | 89303 (29.63%) | ||
| TC, mmol/L | 4.41 ± 0.96 | 4.68 ± 1.01 | < 0.001 | |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.26 ± 0.54 | 1.49 ± 0.56 | < 0.001 | |
| LDLC, mmol/L | 2.48 ± 0.8 | 2.62 ± 0.86 | < 0.001 | |
| HDLC, mmol/L | 1.36 ± 0.36 | 1.32 ± 0.36 | < 0.001 |
For continuous variables, the data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, and for categorical variables, the data are expressed as counts (percentage)
DM diabetes mellitus, EF exercise frequency, EH eating habits, SS smoking status, HTN hypertension, CAD coronary heart disease, PHTN parental hypertension, PDM parental diabetes mellitus, PCHD parental coronary heart disease, MS marital status, WC waist circumference, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HGB hemoglobin, WBC white blood cell, PLT platelet, FBG fasting blood glucose, ECG electrocardiogram, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, LDLC low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDLC high-density lipoprotein cholesterol