Table 2.
Overall odds ratio estimates from separate proportional odds regression models examining the association between general exposure to fast food marketing and preference for McDonald’s, KFC and Subway among youth in six countries
| McDonald’s | KFC | Subway | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) |
| Country | ||||||
| Canada | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] |
| Chile | 0.54 | (0.42, 0.71)a | 1.51 | (1.19, 1.93)a | 0.42 | (0.32, 0.55)a |
| Mexico | 0.75 | (0.58, 0.99)a | 3.49 | (2.63, 4.63)a | 0.48 | (0.37, 0.62)a |
| United States | 1.33 | (1.01, 1.73)a | 2.41 | (1.89, 1.93)a | 1.20 | (0.90, 1.61) |
| United Kingdom | 1.38 | (1.04, 1.83)a | 2.22 | (1.72, 2.87)a | 0.64 | (0.49, 0.83)a |
| Australia | 1.14 | (0.87, 1.51) | 3.39 | (2.61, 4.39)a | 0.60 | (0.46, 0.77)a |
| Age | 0.89 | (0.85, 0.92)a | 0.94 | (0.91, 0.97)a | 1.02 | (0.99, 1.06) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] |
| Female | 0.95 | (0.80, 1.12) | 0.72 | (0.62, 0.84)a | 1.06 | (0.90, 1.25) |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Majority | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] |
| Minority | 0.98 | (0.79, 1.22) | 1.16 | (0.95, 1.43) | 0.98 | (0.79, 1.22) |
| Income Adequacy | ||||||
| Not enough money | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] |
| Enough money | 0.82 | (0.67, 1.01) | 1.02 | (0.85, 1.23) | 1.11 | (0.92, 1.35) |
| General Exposure to FF Marketing | ||||||
| Never | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] |
| ≥ 2x/week | 1.97 | (1.52, 2.56)a | 1.61 | (1.24, 2.09)a | 1.73 | (1.34, 2.24)a |
| ≤ 1x/week | 1.57 | (1.17, 2.10)a | 1.54 | (1.15, 2.07)a | 1.46 | (1.09, 1.97)a |
OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, ref Reference, FF Fast food
aIndicates significant test at an alpha level of 0.05