. 2023 Jul 27;23:1436. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16158-w

Table 6.

Wald chi-square and contrast estimates (incidence rate ratios) from separate negative binomial regression models stratified by country examining the association between exposure to general fast food marketing and fast food intake among youth in six countries

	General exposure to fast food marketing and fast food intake
	Canada		Australia		United Kingdom		United States		Mexico		Chile
Parameter	*Wald χ² (p)*	*IRR* (95% CI)	*Wald χ² (p)*	*IRR* (95% CI)	*Wald χ² (p)*	*IRR* (95% CI)	*Wald χ² (p)*	*IRR* (95% CI)	*Wald χ² (p)*	*IRR* (95% CI)	*Wald χ² (p)*	*IRR* (95% CI)
Intercept	2.85 (0.0913)		1.56 (0.2111)		0.10 (0.7575)		0.2686 (0.0410)^a		0.01 (0.9196)		11.64 (0.0006)^a
Age	56.13 (< 0.0001)^a		16.96 (< 0.0001)^a		13.93 (0.0002)^a		0.0325 (< 0.0001)^a		21.52 (< 0.0001)^a		17.88 (< 0.0001)^a
Sex
Male	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]
Female	11.92 (0.0006)^a	0.90 (0.85, 0.96)^a	15.43 (< 0.0001)^a	0.83 (0.76, 0.91)^a	18.85 (< 0.0001)^a	0.81 (0.73, 0.89)^a	0.13 (0.7200)	0.99 (0.92, 1.06)	1.19 (0.2762)	0.96 (0.90, 1.03)	5.62 (0.0178)^a	0.86 (0.76, 0.97)^a
Ethnicity
Majority	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]
Minority	17.79 (< 0.0001)^a	1.15 (1.08, 1.22)^a	5.89 (0.0152)^a	1.15 (1.03, 1.29)^a	10.30 (0.0013)^a	1.26 (1.09, 1.45)^a	5.32 (0.0210)^a	1.09 (1.01, 1.17)^a	20.39 (< 0.0001)^a	1.23 (1.13, 1.35)^a	2.34 (0.1264)	1.15 (0.96, 1.37)
Income Adequacy
Not enough money	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]
Enough money	0.65 (0.4214)	0.97 (0.90, 1.05)	0.57 (0.4506)	1.04 (0.94, 1.15)	2.05 (0.1525)^a	0.93 (0.83, 1.03)	10.58 (0.0011)^a	1.14 (1.05, 1.23)^a	44.46 (< 0.0001)^a	1.31 (1.21, 1.42)^a	1.72 (0.1897)	1.10 (0.96, 1.25)
General Exposure to FF Marketing
Never	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]	[ref]
≥ 2x/week	25.62 (< 0.0001)^a	1.32 (1.19, 1.48)^a	0.31 (0.5787)	0.97 (0.84, 1.10)	19.13 (< 0.0001)^a	1.40 (1.20, 1.63)^a	6.80 (0.0091)^a	1.21 (1.05, 1.41)^a	5.99 (0.0144)^a	1.26 (1.05, 1.52)^a	21.61 (< 0.0001)^a	1.90 (1.45, 2.48)^a
≤ 1x/week	9.77 (0.0018)^a	1.21 (1.07, 1.37)^a	1.09 (0.2961)	0.92 (0.78, 1.08)	15.80 (< 0.0001)^a	1.40 (1.19, 1.65)^a	1.48 (0.2232)	1.11 (0.94, 1.31)	0.87 (0.3519)	1.10 (0.90, 1.34)	12.96 (0.0003)^a	1.70 (1.27, 2.27)^a

IRR Incidence rate ratio, χ2 Chi-square, CI Confidence interval, ref Reference, FF Fast food

^aIndicates significant test at an alpha level of 0.05