Fig. 4.

Simulation studies for type I error control under the null. A Histograms of the observed p-values under the null, when no gene is csDEG. The p-values shown above histograms are from the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test under the null hypothesis, for which the contrasted distribution is Uniform [0, 1]. The larger the p-value, the more uniform the distribution is. B Quantile-quantile plots of the same p-values as in A but on the $-{log}_{10}$ scale. Methods return well-calibrated small p-values will stay close to the red diagonal line. $N=20$ simulations are conducted each setting