Table 3.

Comparative data for the regional chemical profiles of essential oils from the common sage Salvia officinalis.

Chemical class and components	Abha (Saudi Arabia) [present work]	Tunisia [10]	Greece [11]	Algeria [12]	Serbia and Montenegro [13]	Iran [14]	Kashmir [15]	Turkey [16]
Monoterpene hydrocarbons
α-Pinene	1.15 ± 0.1	1.95	3.3	0.22	4.58	3.5	7.69	3.02
Camphene	2.58 ± 0.17	0.98	1.31	0.41	5.28	0.25	6.11	0.6
β-Pinene	2.06 ± 0.05	5.11	–	0.37	1.69	0.25	28.33	13.08
Myrcene	1.26 ± 0.11	2.04	0.4	0.25	0.75	–	–	1.02
α-Terpinene	0.32 ± 0.03	0.41	0.19	–	0.34	–	0.26	0.27
p-Cymene	0.36 ± 0.02	0.35	0.32	–	1.89	–	1.19	–
γ-Terpinene	0.59 ± 0.05	0.83	0.27	–	0.59	–	0.66	–
α-Terpinolene	0.53 ± 0.04	0.28	0.58	–	0.38	–	0.46	–
Monoterpenes, oxygenated
1,8-Cineole	15.0 ± 0.51	19.98	41.2	22.97	18.54	7.5	7.76	–
α-Thujone	14.9 ± 0.35	18.35	7.2	36.74	25.35	–	40.45	4.68
β-Thujone	5.68 ± 0.27	7.1	5.58	8.81	6.04	–	4.97	31.9
Camphor	20.3 ± 0.91	7.23	25.3	11.34	24.8	–	36.97	–
Pinocamphone	0.38 ± 0.03	0.55	–	–	0.34	1.8	–	–
Borneol	2.16 ± 0.14	1.2	3.73	2.94	8.5	1.6	18.38	3.14
α-Terpineol	1.15 ± 0.06	0.79	0.14	0.25	0.22	3.8	0.5	–
Carvone	6.2 ± 0.15	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Bornyl acetate	1.6 ± 0.07	0.25	1.8	–	4.91	0.12	2.1	–
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons
β-Bourbonene	0.89 ± 0.03	0.03	–	–	–	–	–	–
β-Elemene	0.82 ± 0.03	0.03	–	–	–	–	–	–
trans-β-Caryophyllene	4.01 ± 0.73	6.48	4.48	1.54	–	11.5	17.32	3.08
α-Humulene	2.13 ± 0.11	6.27	2.56	3.15	12.49	–	3.6	10.17
Germacrene D	2.52 ± 0.53	0.02	–	–	–	2.7	0.42	–
Germacrene B	0.9 ± 0.08	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Sesquiterpenes, oxygenated
Globulol	1.67 ± 0.16	0.12	–	–	–	0.74	–	–
Viridiflorol	9.9 ± 0.67	16.32	2.61	–	26.1	–	2.16	10.74
Sesquiterpenoid, oxygenated
Humulene epoxide	0.86 ± 0.02	0.85	1.8	–	1.82	–	1.06	–