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. 2020 Dec 31;14(6):217–242. doi: 10.1515/abm-2020-0032

Table 3.

Characterization, target indications, drug release pattern, and cytotoxicity of albumin and functionalized albumin nanoparticles prepared by emulsification

Albumin used Organic phase and surfactant Functionalizing or coating agent Drug or antioxidant loaded Target indication Outcome or application† Reference
HSA in water Chloroform + ethanol – Paclitaxel (PTX) Breast cancer (MCF-7 cell line)

  • Particle diameter: 170.2 nm, ZP: −17.4 mV, DEE: 82%

  • 64% of PTX release in 48 h • Concentration-dependent cell viability for MCF-7 cells • IC50 for PTX-HSA-NPs is 4.9 μm

 [19]
BSA in NaOH Castor oil + Span 80 – 10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) Liver cancer

  • Particle diameter: 600 nm, DEE: 58%, DLC: 2.2%

  • Sustained release of 90% HCPT at pH 7.4 in trypsin medium • Higher concentration of HCPT in liver than in heart and kidney • 95% of HCPT was present in the lactone form

 [74]
HSA in water Chloroform + acetone + cholesterol Chitosan, PLG-PEG Teniposide (TS) Lung cancer (A549 cell line)

  • Particle diameter: 180 nm, ZP: −4 mV, DEE: 61%., DLC: 2.2%

  • Lower concentration of TS in heart and kidney • 80% of TS release in 72 h • Lower cellular uptake and antitumor efficacy toward A-549.

 [75]
BSA in PBS (w1) Tween 80 (o) Aqueous solution of PLGA (w2) – – –

  • Double emulsion technique was used.

  • Addition of NaCl and glucose increases entrapment efficiency and delays the release of BSA

  • Tween 80 increases BSA entrapment

 [76]
BSA in water BmimPF6 + Tween 20 Folic acid – –

  • Particle size: 100 nm.

  • Enhanced cellular uptake • Folate receptors are overexpressed in cancer cells • Exhibit high cell viability

 [77]
BSA in water n-Butanol + toluene + coconut oil – – –

  • Particle diameter: 269 nm.

  • Green method of synthesis

 [78]
HSA in water Ethanol + Tween 80 – Carvacrol Gastric cancer (AGS cell line)

  • Particle diameter: 230 nm, ZP: −33.7 mV, DEE: 32%, DLC: 32%

  • Initial fast release (27% in 3 h), followed by sustained release of carvacrol (80%) up to 240 h • Reduces cell viability (AGS cell line) to 50%.

 [79]
†

Particle diameters are approximate; BmimPF6, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, BSA, bovine serum albumin; DEE, drug entrapment efficiency (approximate); DLC, drug-loading capacity (approximate); HSA, human serum albumin; IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentration; o, organic phase; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PLG, poly(l-glutamic acid)-g-methoxy; PLGA, poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid); W1, internal aqueous phase; W2, external aqueous phase; ZP, zeta potential.