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. 2023 Jul 26;23:392. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02543-5

Table 2.

Association between obesity and the odds of breast cancer development by geographic location

Number of Studies I2 P2 OR (95%CI) P-between*
Association between obesity in pre-menopause and breast cancer risk
    Asia 22 76.71 0.0001 1 (0.87–1.15) 0.0001
    Europe 8 44.8 0.081 0.88 (0.79–0.98)
    Africa 2 69.7 0.069 1.07(0.42–2.69)
    North America 15 60.5 0.0001 0.84 (0.71–1)
    South America 2 0.0 0.896 0.97 (0.87–1.09)
    Oceania - - - -
Association between obesity in post-menopause and breast cancer risk
    Asia 27 94.7 0.0001 1.49 (1.32–1.69) 0.0001
    Europe 10 85 0.0001 1.10 (0.97–1.25)
    Africa 2 0.0 0.92 1.69 (0.98–2.92)
    North America 23 75.5 0.0001 1.21 (1.07–1.36)
    South Africa 3 70.8 0.033 1.21 (0.87–1.68)
    Oceania 1 0.0 - 1.04 (0.83–1.30)
Association between obesity and breast cancer risk regardless of menstrual status
    Asia 14 86.1 0.0001 1.45 (1.22–1.73) 0.0001
    Europe 3 0.0 0.87 1.21 (1.01–1.46)
    Africa 2 39.8 0.197 1.24 (1.04–1.48)
    North America 11 83.6 0.0001 1.24 (1.05–1.46)
    South America 3 92.5 0.0001 1.03 (0.37–2.54)
    Oceania 1 0.0 3.5 (1.3–9.41)

*P-between: Heterogeneity between groups, P2: Heterogeneity between studies in group, I2:percentage of variation acrros studies due to heterogeneity