Table 3.
Multilevel linear mixed effects models for the amount of home care
| Fixed effect | Model 1 Empty model |
Model 2 Individual characteristics |
Model 3 Municipality characteristics |
Model 4 Municipality care model |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (95% CI) |
p | Estimate (95% CI) |
p | Estimate (95% CI) |
p | Estimate (95% CI) |
p | ||||
| Intercept |
4.83 (4.55;5.10) |
< 0.001 |
-4.99 (-5.40;-4.58) |
< 0.001 |
-5.58 (-7.12;-4.05) |
< 0.001 |
-4.82 (-6.73;-2.90) |
< 0.001 | |||
| Individual characteristics | |||||||||||
| ADL a |
4.33 (4.20;4.46) |
< 0.001 |
4.33 (4.20;4.46) |
< 0.001 |
4.14 (4.00;4.29) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| IADL a |
0.20 (0.09;0.31) |
< 0.001 |
0.20 (0.09;0.31) |
< 0.001 |
0.24 (0.12;0.37) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Cognitive impairment a |
0.56 (0.44;0.69) |
< 0.001 |
0.56 (0.44;0.69) |
< 0.001 |
0.48 (0.33;0.62) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Social functioning a |
1.35 (1.21;1.48) |
< 0.001 |
1.34 (1.21;1.48) |
< 0.001 |
1.17 (1.02;1.32) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Life management a |
0.67 (0.57;0.78) |
< 0.001 |
0.67 (0.56;0.77) |
< 0.001 |
0.66 (0.54;0.78) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Age |
-0.07 (-0.07;-0.06) |
< 0.001 |
-0.07 (-0.07;-0.06) |
< 0.001 |
-0.06 (-0.07;-0.06) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Gender (0 = female/1 = male) |
-0.01 (-0.15;0.12) |
0.847 |
-0.01 (-0.15;0.12) |
0.855 |
-0.01 (-0.16;0.14) |
0.894 | |||||
| Living arrangements (0 = cohabitant/1 = alone) |
1.88 (1.73;2.02) |
< 0.001 |
1.88 (1.74;2.02) |
< 0.001 |
1.73 (1.57;1.89) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Municipality characteristics | |||||||||||
| Centrality (1: most central − 6: least central) |
0.32 (-0.02;0.67) |
0.065 |
0.25 (-0.11;0.62) |
0.177 | |||||||
| Population size (per 1 000 inhabitants) |
-0.004 (-0.010;0.003) |
0.246 |
-0.003 (-0.01;0.00) |
0.340 | |||||||
| Unrestricted revenues (per 10 000 NOK) |
-0.10 (-0.47;0.27) |
0.607 |
-0.18 (-0.63;0.27) |
0.435 | |||||||
| Number of FTEs (per 100 FTEs) |
0.29 (-0.03;0.62) |
0.077 |
0.26 (-0.09;0.62) |
0.147 | |||||||
| Proportion of elderly in the municipality (‰) |
-2.46 (-5.12;0.19) |
0.069 |
-0.88 (-3.86;2.09) |
0.561 | |||||||
| Proportion of elderly in nursing homes (%) |
0.01 (-0.06;0.07) |
0.865 |
-0.02 (-0.09;0.06) |
0.694 | |||||||
| Municipalities’ long-term care model | |||||||||||
| Care model 1 | (ref.) | ||||||||||
| Care model 2 |
-0.19 (-0.80;0.43) |
0.548 | |||||||||
| Care model 3 |
0.24 (-0.62;1.09) |
0.588 | |||||||||
| Care model 4 |
-0.27 (-1.43;0.90) |
0.655 | |||||||||
| Random effect | Variance component | Variance component | Variance component | Variance component | |||||||
| Municipal level variance | 6.78 (2.60) | 5.67 (2.38) | 5.31 (2.31) | 3.99 (2.00) | |||||||
| Individual level variance | 181.87 (13.49) | 160.78 (12.68) | 159.84 (12.64) | 150.83 (12.28) | |||||||
a Scale 1: very good − 5: very poor