Table 4.
Multilevel linear mixed effects models for the amount of practical assistance
| Fixed effect | Model 1 Empty model |
Model 2 Individual characteristics |
Model 3 Municipality characteristics |
Model 4 Municipality care model |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (95% CI) |
p | Estimate (95% CI) |
p | Estimate (95% CI) |
p | Estimate (95% CI) |
p | ||||
| Intercept |
10.30 (9.70;10.90) |
< 0.001 |
6.59 (5.50;7.67) |
< 0.001 |
1.86 (-1.78;5.51) |
0.317 |
-0.52 (-5.65;4.61) |
0.844 | |||
| Individual characteristics | |||||||||||
| ADL a |
5.90 (5.61;6.19) |
< 0.001 |
5.91 (5.62;6.21) |
< 0.001 |
6.15 (5.80;6.49) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| IADL a |
1.97 (1.67;2.28) |
< 0.001 |
1.97 (1.66;2.27) |
< 0.001 |
2.01 (1.66;2.37) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Cognitive impairment a |
1.26 (0.95;1.56) |
< 0.001 |
1.25 (0.95;1.56) |
< 0.001 |
1.21 (0.85;1.57) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Social functioning a |
5.92 (5.58;6.26) |
< 0.001 |
5.94 (5.60;6.27) |
< 0.001 |
6.17 (5.78;6.57) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Life management a |
-0.39 (-0.64;-0.14) |
0.002 |
-0.39 (-0.64;-0.14) |
0.002 |
-0.34 (-0.63;-0.05) |
0.021 | |||||
| Age |
-0.41 (-0.42;-0.40) |
< 0.001 |
-0.41 (-0.42;-0.40) |
< 0.001 |
-0.41 (-0.42;-0.40) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Gender (0 = female/1 = male) |
0.11 (-0.24;0.47) |
0.537 |
0.10 (-0.26;0.45) |
0.589 |
0.19 (-0.22;0.61) |
0.358 | |||||
| Living arrangements (0 = cohabitant/1 = alone) |
1.79 (1.38;2.19) |
< 0.001 |
1.78 (1.38;2.19) |
< 0.001 |
1.75 (1.28;2.22) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Municipality characteristics | |||||||||||
| Centrality (1: most central − 6: least central) |
0.11 (-0.69;0.90) |
0.795 |
0.53 (-0.45;1.51) |
0.290 | |||||||
| Population size (per 1 000 inhabitants) |
0.001 (-0.014;0.015) |
0.923 |
-0.002 (-0.017;0.014) |
0.820 | |||||||
|
Unrestricted revenues (per 10 000 NOK) |
-0.22 (-1.09;0.65) |
0.616 |
0.18 (-1.01;1.37) |
0.765 | |||||||
| Number of FTEs (per 100 FTEs) |
0.55 (-0.20;1.32) |
0.151 |
0.16 (-0.77;1.10) |
0.731 | |||||||
|
Proportion of elderly in the municipality (‰) |
0.39 (-5.79;6.58) |
0.901 |
-2.38 (-10.31;5.54) |
0.556 | |||||||
| Proportion of elderly in nursing homes (%) |
0.27 (0.11;0.42) |
< 0.001 |
0.27 (0.07;0.47) |
0.008 | |||||||
| Municipalities’ long-term care model | |||||||||||
| Care model 1 | (ref.) | ||||||||||
| Care model 2 |
0.59 (-1.06;2.24) |
0.483 | |||||||||
| Care model 3 |
0.19 (-2.10;2.48) |
0.870 | |||||||||
| Care model 4 |
3.95 (0.82;7.08) |
0.013 | |||||||||
| Random effect | Variance component | Variance component | Variance component | Variance component | |||||||
| Municipal level variance | 28.27 (5.32) | 29.72 (5.45) | 27.75 (5.27) | 28.59 (5.35) | |||||||
| Individual level variance | 882.98 (29.72) | 617.55 (24.85) | 617.97 (24.86) | 644.71 (25.39) | |||||||
a Scale 1: very good − 5: very poor