Table 5.
Multilevel logistic generalised mixed effects models for long-term stay in an institution
| Fixed effect | Model 1 Empty model |
Model 2 Individual characteristics |
Model 3 Municipality characteristics |
Model 4 Municipality care model |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) |
p | OR (95% CI) |
p | OR (95% CI) |
p | OR (95% CI) |
p | ||||
| Individual characteristics | |||||||||||
| ADL a |
1.27 (1.24;1.30) |
< 0.001 |
1.27 (1.24;1.30) |
< 0.001 |
1.24 (1.21;1.28) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| IADL a |
2.14 (2.07;2.22) |
< 0.001 |
2.13 (2.06;2.21) |
< 0.001 |
2.16 (2.07;2.25) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Cognitive impairment a |
1.11 (1.08;1.14) |
< 0.001 |
1.11 (1.08;1.14) |
< 0.001 |
1.09 (1.06;1.13) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Social functioning a |
1.46 (1.42;1.52) |
< 0.001 |
1.46 (1.41;1.51) |
< 0.001 |
1.48 (1.42;1.54) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Life management a |
2.09 (2.03;2.16) |
< 0.001 |
2.10 (2.03;2.16) |
< 0.001 |
2.10 (2.02;2.17) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Age |
1.083 (1.081;1.084) |
< 0.001 |
1.083 (1.081;1.084) |
< 0.001 |
1.081 (1.079;1.083) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Gender (0 = female/1 = male) |
0.83 (0.80;0.87) |
< 0.001 |
0.83 (0.80;0.87) |
< 0.001 |
0.85 (0.82;0.89) |
< 0.001 | |||||
| Municipality characteristics | |||||||||||
| Centrality (1: most central − 6: least central) |
0.90 (0.82;0.98) |
0.018 |
0.94 (0.84;1.05) |
0.278 | |||||||
| Population size (per 1 000 inhabitants) |
1.00 (0.99;1.00) |
0.902 |
1.00 (0.99;1.00) |
0.982 | |||||||
| Unrestricted revenues (per 10 000 NOK) |
1.02 (0.93;1.13) |
0.635 |
1.04 (0.91;1.18) |
0.578 | |||||||
| Number of FTEs (per 100 FTEs) |
0.86 (0.79;0.94) |
< 0.001 |
0.86 (0.78;0.96) |
0.006 | |||||||
| Proportion of elderly in the municipality (‰) |
2.95 (1.46;5.95) |
0.003 |
2.29 (0.93;5.63) |
0.070 | |||||||
| Proportion of elderly in nursing homes (%) |
1.18 (1.16;1.20) |
< 0.001 |
1.16 (1.13;1.18) |
< 0.001 | |||||||
| Municipalities’ long-term care model | |||||||||||
| Care model 1 | (ref.) | ||||||||||
| Care model 2 |
1.06 (0.88;1.28) |
0.527 | |||||||||
| Care model 3 |
0.96 (0.74;1.25) |
0.784 | |||||||||
| Care model 4 |
1.17 (0.82;1.67) |
0.378 | |||||||||
| Random effect | Variance component | Variance component | Variance component | Variance component | |||||||
| Municipal level variance | 0.21 (0.46) | 0.90 (0.95) | 0.37 (0.61) | 0.37 (0.61) | |||||||
a Scale 1: very good − 5: very poor