Table 3. Reported Molar Ratios of Pre-screened DES Combinations in the Literature.
| # | HBA | HBD 1 | molar ratios | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DES#01 | betaine | ethanolamine | N.R. | |
| DES#02 | betaine | oxalic acid | 2:1 | (17,119,120) |
| DES#03 | betaine | citric acid | 1:1 | (13,17,121−123) |
| DES#04 | betaine | gallic acid | N.R. | |
| DES#05 | betaine | triethylene glycol | 1:4 | (124,125) |
| DES#06 | choline chloride | ethanolamine | 1:6 | (60,126,127) |
| DES#07 | choline chloride | oxalic acid | 1:1 | (17,128,129) |
| DES#08 | choline chloride | citric acid | 2:1 | (17,130−132) |
| DES#09 | choline chloride | gallic acid | 2:1 | (110) |
| DES#10 | choline chloride | triethylene glycol | 1:3 | (133) |