Table 2.

Proportion of primary care clinics ranked as high performing across multiple measures by high-need, high-cost subpopulations

	High-performing clinics, n (%)*
	Adults under 65 with disability	Older adults with frailty	Beneficiaries with major complex chronic conditions
Overall
Any combination of ≥4 measures	91 (3.3)	89 (3.2)	97 (3.5)
All 5 measures	9 (0.3)	7 (0.3)	14 (0.5)
Example combinations
Annual spending and avoidable hospitalisations	205 (7.4)	240 (8.7)	242 (8.7)
Annual spending, avoidable hospitalisations and ED visits	82 (3.0)	65 (2.3)	89 (3.2)
Annual spending and healthy days at home	209 (7.5)	276 (10.0)	253 (9.1)
Hospital readmissions and avoidable hospitalisations	214 (7.7)	209 (7.5)	195 (7.0)

*Results were limited to primary care clinics that had at least 10 beneficiaries from all three subpopulations (2770 clinics). High-performing clinics were defined as those in the top quartile of performance across listed measures for a given patient subpopulation (ie, lowest average annual spending per high-need person, lowest rate of avoidable hospitalisations per high-need person, lowest ED visit rates, lowest hospital readmission rates and highest number of healthy days at home). Of note, if the quality measures were independent of each other, we would expect 6.25% of clinics to be in the top quartiles of any 2 measures and 3.125% to be in the top quartiles of any 3 quality measures.

ED, emergency department.