Table 3.

Pearson’s correlation coefficients across primary care clinics by measure and subpopulation†

	Average annual spending	Avoidable hospitalisations	ED visit rates	Hospital readmission rates	Healthy days at home
Adults under 65 with disability
Average annual spending	1	0.12***	0.22***	0.12***	−0.30***
Avoidable hospitalisations		1	0.09***	0.25***	−0.05**
ED visit rates			1	0.03	−0.10***
Hospital readmission rates				1	−0.18***
Healthy days at home					1
Older adults with frailty
Average annual spending	1	0.17***	0.01	0.24***	−0.42***
Avoidable hospitalisations		1	0.17***	0.21***	−0.12***
ED visit rates			1	−0.07**	−0.03
Hospital readmission rates				1	−0.13***
Healthy days at home					1
Beneficiaries with major complex chronic conditions
Average annual spending	1	0.20***	0.15***	0.16***	−0.46***
Avoidable hospitalisations		1	0.15***	0.23***	−0.11***
ED visit rates			1	−0.01	−0.07***
Hospital readmission rates				1	−0.17***
Healthy days at home					1

†Results were limited to primary care clinics that had at least 10 beneficiaries from all three subpopulations (2770 clinics). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated based on the ranking of primary care clinics across different sets of cost or quality measures.

**p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

ED, emergency department.