All NIHTB assessments were administered in person by trained researchers using an iPad. NIHTB Emotional (NIHTB-EB), Cognitive (NIHTB-CB), and Motor (NIHTB-MB) batteries used the iPad NIH Toolbox App (v.1.23.4300) and PROMIS(3) surveys used REDCap. Domains and selected surveys are in the Supplement. All statistical analyses were performed using R (v.4.1.2). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), covaried for age, evaluated group (PASC vs. controls) differences on NIHTB and PROMIS T-Scores (corrected for age, sex, education, race/ethnicity) and Oral Symbol Digit and Auditory Verbal Learning raw scores. Cohen’s d effect sizes with 95% Confidence Intervals were calculated using the package ‘effsize’. For this exploratory study, significance was set at p<0.05.
* p≤0.05, ** p≤0.01, *** p≤0.001