Table 1.
Different methods for GELNs extraction.
| Extraction method | Quantification | Yield | Year | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DC only | N.R. | N.R. | 2021 | (50) |
| N.R. | N.R. | 2021 | (51) | |
| DC and sgUC | Protein | 17.5 mg/kg tissue | 2021 | (43) |
| 0.9 mg/g tissue | 2018 | (29) | ||
| 50 mg/kg tissue | 2016 | (25) | ||
| GDN, 3.79 ± 27 mg/g ginger protein | 2015 | (48) | ||
| N.R. | 2014 | (14) | ||
| Phosphorus | N.R. | 2017 | (46) | |
| 48.5 ± 4.8 mg/kg tissue | 2016 | (47) | ||
| Number of nanoparticles | 1 × 1012 GDNP/g tissue | 2022 | (20) | |
| N.R. | 2021 | (42) | ||
| 5 × 1012 particles/g tissue | 2021 | (44) | ||
| 0.5 to 2 × 1011 vesicles/g tissue | 2019 | (23) | ||
| N.R. | 2019 | (61) | ||
| MF and sgUC | Protein | 3 × 1012 particles/L root juices | 2018 | (30) |
| DC, PEG-based precipitation and dialysis | The weight of the lyophilized powder | 2–3.8 g/kg of tissue | 2020 | (45) |
| Up to 5-fold, in pH 4 and pH 5 | 2021 | (41) | ||
| DC and isolation kit | Protein | N.R. | 2022 | (22) |
GELNs, ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticles; DC, differential centrifugation; sgUC, sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation; MF, membrane filtration; PEG, Polyethylene glycol; N.R., not reported.