Table 3.
Technologies used for the detection of physical characteristics of GELNs.
| Technology | Equipment | GELNs size (nm in diameter) | Zeta potential (mv) | Year | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NTA | NanoSight NS300 | ~200* | N.R. | 2021 | (44) |
| ~200* | N.R. | 2019 | (61) | ||
| 132 | N.R. | 2019 | (23) | ||
| 110.5 ± 27.49 | N.R. | 2018 | (30) | ||
| DLS | Zetasizer Nano S90 | 250 ± 72 | −220 ± 131 | 2022 | (20) |
| 156 ± 36 | −26.6 ± 5 | 2022 | (22) | ||
| ~232.7 | −18.1 | 2017 | (46) | ||
| ~188.5 | −20 | 2016 | (47) | ||
| GELN1: 386.6 GELN2: 294.1 |
GELN1: −24.6 GELN2: −29.7 |
2015 | (48) | ||
| Zetasizer Nano ZS | 70.09 ± 19.24 | −27.70 ± 12.20 | 2021 | (50) | |
| PH4: 294.1 PH5: 343.8 PH6: 422.7 PH7: 518.2 PH8: 519.2 PH9: 545.9 |
PH4: −31.9 PH5: −32.2 PH6: −28 PH7: −27.8 PH8: −27.3 PH9: −24.2 |
2021 | (41) | ||
| 180.5 ± 69.7 | N.R. | 2021 | (42) | ||
| ~250 | −30 | 2014 | (14) | ||
| Ultra: 403 15%PEG: 252 |
Ultra: −25.7 15%PEG: −21.2 |
2020 | (45) | ||
| 206.8 ± 81.1 | N.R. | 2018 | (29) | ||
| ZetaPlus instrument | 238.3 | −13 | 2021 | (51) | |
| GELN1: 292.5 GELN2: 231.6 GELN3: 219.6 |
GELN1 and GELN2: −12 GELN3: −2.1 |
2016 | (25) | ||
| Nicomp 380 | ~ 284.6 | −12.1 | 2021 | (43) |
GELNs, ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticles; N.R., no reported.