Figure 5.

The expression and activation levels of hepatic insulin-AKT signal in gibel carp fed with HCD and NCD during 8 weeks. (a) Expression level of hepatic insulin receptor substrate 1-like (irs1, gene), (b) expression level of hepatic insulin receptor substrate 2-like (irs2, gene), (c) represented P-AKT^Ser473 (Magenta) staining images (scale bar = 30 μm), and (d) average fluorescence intensity of nuclear P-AKT^Ser473. Values are expressed as means ± SEMs, n = 6. Labeled means without a common letter differ among 2 W, 4 W, 6 W, and 8 W (uppercase for HCD), P < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA, Duncan's post hoc test).  ^∗,  ^∗∗,  ^∗∗∗,  ^∗∗∗∗different from NCD:  ^∗P < 0.05,  ^∗∗P < 0.01,  ^∗∗∗P < 0.005, and  ^∗∗∗∗P < 0.001, NS means no significant difference (two-tailed independent t test).