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. 2023 Apr 9;149(10):8131–8141. doi: 10.1007/s00432-023-04737-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Diagram illustrating the epigenetic regulation of chromatin accessibility and gene expression in cells. Nucleosomes, formed by DNA wrapped around histone octamers, are depicted as blue cylinders. Epigenetic modifications are depicted as dynamic interactions between chromatin components and enzymes, including histone methylation/demethylation, histone acetylation/deacetylation, and DNA methylation. Chromatin remodelling also plays a role in regulating gene expression