Table 6.

Observational studies of pesticides found in food

Participants/subjects and research design	Patients	Patient parameters	Outcomes/main conclusion of the study	References
Examine breast milk OCPs and their associations with female reproductive function	68 women	Breast milk	Dietary habit is an important factor influencing the levels of OCPs in breast milk and the associated risks for women	[70]
Examine the association of preconception intake of pesticide residues in FVs with outcomes of infertility treatment with ART	325 women	FVs items in the FFQ and PDP, and Corresponding Scores for First, Second, and Third Measure, and PRBS	Higher consumption of high–pesticide residue FVs was associated with lower probabilities of pregnancy and live birth following infertility treatment with ART	[71]
To see if there is an association of serum levels of typical organic pollutants with PCOS	50 women with PCOS and 30 normal controls	Serum levels	The PCOS group showed higher serum levels of PCBs, PAHs, and pesticides than the control group.	[72]

OCPs Organochlorine pesticides, FVs Fruits and vegetables, ART Assisted reproductivetechnologies, FFQ Food Frequency Questionnaire, PDP Pesticide Data Program, PRBS Pesticide Residue Burden Score, PCOS Polycystic ovary syndrome, PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls, PAHS Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons