Table 1.

Demographics, cytokine plasma concentrations, hippocampal volumes, and memory performance

	Older (≥ 50 years)	Young (18–35 years)	Age effects
Size of cohort	n = 85	n = 57
Age distribution	63.66 ± 7.32	24.47 ± 4.48
Sex distribution (f/m)	53/32	34/23	X2 = 0.11; p = 0.740
IL-6 [pg/ml]	1.50 ± 0.99	0.85 ± 0.64	t139.8 = 4.71; p < 0.001
TNF-α [pg/ml]	0.39 ± 0.15	0.27 ± 0.21	t94.5 = 3.70; p < 0.001
TGF-β1 [pg/ml]	2897.37 ± 1517.86	3300.14 ± 1806.62	t140 = 1.44; p = 0.154
CRP [ng/ml]	2622.00 ± 2202.47	2416.8 ± 3059.14	t140 = 0.47; p = 0.643
Whole HC
Left	3210.00 ± 292.16	3400.27 ± 293.84	t140 = 3.80; p < 0.001
Right	3298.54 ± 316.87	3452.24 ± 303.19	t140 = 2.88; p = 0.005
DG
Left	276.89 ± 32.19	300.27 ± 35.13	t140 = 4.09; p < 0.001
Right	289.82 ± 36.34	302.53 ± 36.89	t140 = 2.03; p = 0.044
CA4
Left	236.20 ± 25.17	248.24 ± 26.89	t140 = 2.72; p = 0.007
Right	247.09 ± 28.71	250.04 ± 30.25	t140 = 0.59; p 0.558
VLMT
Learning	52.35 ± 9.24	68.23 ± 4.78	t132.7 = 13.39; p < 0.001
24 h recall	8.89 ± 3.53	14.26 ± 1.23	t111.7 = 12.89; p < 0.001
WMS
Immediate recall	25.58 ± 6.54	32.30 ± 6.98	t140 = 5.84; p < 0.001
24 h recall	21.74 ± 7.18	30.14 ± 7.81	t140 = 6.60; p < 0.001

Sex (female/male) and age as well as cytokine and CRP concentrations (mean ± standard deviation) are shown

HC hippocampus, DG dentate gyrus, VLMT Verbal Learning and Memory Test, WMS Wechsler Memory Scale (Logical Memory subscale)