Table 2.
Outcomes by PTP support setting
| a) Distress, resilience, and coping by PTP support setting | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Study characteristics | 1t1 | FTF | OSG | |||||||||
| (−) | (0) | (0) | (+ +) | (+ +) | (−) | (0) | (+ +) | (+ +) | (−) | (0) | (+ +) | ||
| Distress/coping | Author | ⇓Reading direction | Gotay et al. (2007) | Lee et al. (2013) | White et al. (2014) | Lee et al. (2013) | ⇓Reading direction | Schover et al. (2011) | Mollaei et al. (2022) | Weber et al. (2007b) | ⇓Reading direction | Høybye et al. (2010) | |
| Endpoint and assessment tool | Psychosocial distress [CARES-SF] | Adjustment to Cancer [Mini-MAC] | Distress [Impact of Event Scale, IES] | Self-Efficacy for self-management [SE-Scale]] | Emotional distress/Brief Symptom Inventory-18, [BSI-18] | Resilience Score [CD-RISC] | Self-Efficacy [SICPA] | Psychological distress [POMS-SF] and [Mini-MAC] | |||||
| Time of assessment | Short term (primary, at 3 months) | Short-term (6 weeks) | Short term (4 months [t2, end of intervention), 6 months [t3, at 2 months]) | Short-term (6 weeks) | Short-term/long-term (6 weeks/6, and 12 months) | Short-term (1 week) | Short-term (8 weeks) | Short-term/long-term (1/6, and 12 months) | |||||
| Duration of intervention | 4–8 telephone calls over 1 months | 1 meeting/week for 6 weeks | 4 months | 1 meeting/week for 6 weeks |
3 × meetings throughout a 6 weeks treatment period |
1/week for 4 weeks | 1/week for 8 weeks | Up to 13 months | |||||
| Effectiveness | No effect of the intervention | No effect of the intervention | Greater decrease in the TG than CG at t2 and t3 | Significant difference in change: greater increase in TG after intervention | No effect (time × treatment group) | Significantly higher resilience score in TG at 1 week | Significantly higher self-efficacy in TG at 8 weeks | No effect of the intervention | |||||
| Effect size | No data on effect sizes | No data on effect sizes | No data on effect sizes | No data on effect sizes | Cohen d 0.14 | No data on effect sizes | No data on effect sizes | No data on effect sizes | |||||
| b) Depression/anxiety by PTP support setting | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Study characteristics | 1t1 | 1t1 | 1t1 or FTF | 1t1 | FTF | OSG | |||||
| (−) | (0) | (0) | (+ +) | (−) | (0) | (+ +) | (+ +) | (−) | (0) | (+ +) | ||
| Depression/anxiety | Author | ⇓Reading direction | Gotay et al. (2007) | Lee et al. (2013) | ⇓Reading direction | Schover et al. (2011) | Weber et al. (2007a) | Salzer et al. (2010) | Klemm (2012) | |||
| Endpoint and assessment tool | Depression [CES-D] | Anxiety and Depression [HADS] | BSI-18—Depression subscale | Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS] | Hopkins Symptoms Checklist; Anxiety and Depression [HSCL-25] | Depression [CES-D] | ||||||
| Time of assessment | 3 months (primary) and 6 months | 6 weeks after intervention | Short-term/long-term (6 weeks/6 and 12 months) | Short-term (8 weeks) | Short-term/long-term (4/12 months) | 6, 12, and 16 weeks (i.e., 4 weeks after end of intervention) | ||||||
| Duration of intervention | 4–8 telephone calls over 1 months | 1 meeting/week for 6 weeks |
3 × meetings throughout a 6 weeks treatment period |
1/week for 8 weeks | N/A | 12 weeks | ||||||
| Effectiveness | No effect of the intervention | No effect of the intervention | Greater decrease in TG at 6 weeks and 6 months, but no difference at 12 months | Significantly lower depression in TG at 8 weeks | Contrary to hypothesis: CG performed better | No effect of time, or time × intervention | ||||||
| Effect size | No data on effect sizes | No data on effect sizes | Cohen d 0.14 | No data on effect sizes | Effect size es = 0.40 at 4 and 12 months | No data on effect sizes | ||||||
| c) (Health-related) quality of Life by PTP support setting | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Objective | Study characteristics | 1t1 | 1t1 or FTF | FTF | OSG | ||||||
| (−) | (0) | (+ +) | (−) | (0) | (+ +) | (+ +) | (−) | (0) | (+ +) | ||
| (Health-related) QoL | Author | ⇓Reading direction | Toija et al. (2019) | Giese-Davis et al. (2016) | ⇓Reading direction | Schover et al. (2011) | Sharif et al. (2010) | Weber et al. (2007b) | Salzer et al. (2010) | ⇓Reading direction | Osei et al. (2013) |
| Endpoint and assessment tool | [15D, and EORTC QLQ-C30; EORTC QLQ-BR23] | [FACT-B; Breast Cancer spec well-being, BSW] | Spiritual well-being [FACIT-Sp] | EORTC-QLQ-C30], [EORTC-QLQ-BR23] | [MOS SF-36] and Prostate-specific QoL (UCLA) | Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-BC [FACT-B] | [SF-12; EPIC-26 (Extended Prostate Cancer Index)] | ||||
| Time of assessment | Short-term/long-term (3-/6-, and 12 months | Long-term (12 months) | Short-term/long-term (6 weeks/6 and 12 months | Short-term (4 weeks, 2 months) | Short-term (8 weeks) | Short-term/long-term (4/12 months) | Short-term (6, and 8 weeks) | ||||
| Duration of intervention | approximately 1 call/week one-to-five times | Up to 6 months | 3 × meetings throughout 6 weeks | 1 meeting/week up to 4 weeks | 1/week for 8 weeks | N/A | 6 weeks | ||||
| Effectiveness | No effect of the intervention | Significantly improvement in TG vs. CG | No effect of the intervention | Significant improvement in TG; reduction in CG | TG significantly accounted for physical role functioning, bowel function, mental health, and social function | Contrary to hypothesis: CG had better scores than TG | Significant interaction time × group at 6 weeks; return to BL level at 8 weeks | ||||
| Effect sizes | No data on effect sizes | Cohen’s d = 0.41 | No data on effect sizes | No data on effect sizes | No data on effect sizes |
es at 4 months 0.48 es at 12 months 0.55 |
No data on effect sizes | ||||
| d) Other outcomes by PTP support setting | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Objective | Study characteristics | 1t1 | FTF | OSG | ||||||||
| (−) | (0) | (0) | (+ +) | (+ +) | (−) | (0) | (+ +) | (−) | (0) | (+ +) | ||
| Others | Author | Chambers et al. (2019) | Chambers et al. (2015) | Giese-Davis et al. (2016) | Pinto et al. (2015) | Galvão et al. (2018) | ⇓Reading direction | Schover et al. (2011) | ||||
| Endpoint and assessment tool | Psycho-sexual morbidity | Psycho-sexual morbidity | Post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist-Civilian Version [PCL-C] | MVPA (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) | Physical activity: Resistance exercise duration | Sexual Functioning [FSFI] | ||||||
| Time of assessment | Long-term (2, 3, 4, 5 year follow-up) | Short-term/long-term (3/6, and 12 months) | Long-term (12 months) | Short-term/long-term (3/6 months) | Short-term/long-term (3/6, and 12 months) | Short-term/long-term (6 weeks/6, and 12 months | ||||||
| Duration of intervention | 6–8 telephone-delivered support up to 22 weeks post recruitment | 6–8 telephone-delivered support up to 22 weeks post recruitment | 1x/week up to 6 months | 12 weeks | 1x/months; 6 months | 3 × meetings throughout a 6 weeks treatment period | ||||||
| Effectiveness |
Sexual supportive care needs: Higher in men of TG1 at 3 years Masculine self-esteem: Less in TG1 than TG2 at 2 and 5 years Treatment for erectile dysfunction: TG1 and TG2 were more likely to use medical treatment for erectile dysfunction at 2, 3, 4, 5 years |
No significant effects on sexual function, sexuality needs, sexual self-confidence, masculine self-esteem, marital satisfaction or intimacy either for men or women. Men in TG were more likely to use medical treatment for erectile dysfunction | No effect of the intervention | Significant between-group differences: Greater increase of MVPA in TG at 12 and 24 weeks | Significant interaction time × group: Greater resistance in TG at 3 and 6 months | No effect of the intervention | ||||||
| Effect sizes | No data on effect sizes | No data on effect sizes | No data on effect sizes | No data on effect sizes | No data on effect sizes | No data on effect sizes | ||||||
(+ +) = Statistically significant difference TG vs. CG at p < 0.05; (−) = Statistically significant difference CG vs. TG at p < 0.05; (0) = No significant difference between groups
OSG Online Support Group, 1t1 one-to-one, FTF face-to-face, TG Treatment Group, CG Control Group, FU follow-up after end of intervention, short-term FU (0 ≤ 6 months), long-term FU (≥ 6 months)