TABLE 3.
Risk of 90-day rehospitalization a in older patients due to the systems of three PIM criteria after the first discharge.
| Yes b | No c | Crude OR | p-value | Adjusted OR d | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |||||
| PIM-Taiwan criteria | ||||||
| Cardiovascular system | 6,909 (28.3) | 26,026 (23.9) | 1.25 (1.21–1.29) | <0.0001 | 1.37 (1.32–1.41) | <0.0001 |
| Endocrine system | 2,009 (23.2) | 30,926 (24.8) | 0.92 (0.87–0.97) | 0.0009 | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) | 0.0004 |
| Gastrointestinal system | 9,033 (29.1) | 23,902 (23.4) | 1.34 (1.30–1.38) | <0.0001 | 1.26 (1.23–1.30) | <0.0001 |
| Genitourinary system | 832 (22.6) | 32,103 (24.8) | 0.89 (0.82–0.96) | 0.0023 | 0.82 (0.76–0.89) | <0.0001 |
| Musculoskeletal system | 13,645 (22.5) | 19,290 (26.6) | 0.80 (0.78–0.82) | <0.0001 | 0.96 (0.93–0.98) | 0.0006 |
| Central nervous system | 15,947 (25.9) | 16,988 (23.7) | 1.13 (1.10–1.15) | <0.0001 | 1.11 (1.08–1.14) | <0.0001 |
| Respiratory system | 6,066 (27.3) | 26,869 (24.2) | 1.17 (1.13–1.21) | <0.0001 | 1.16 (1.12–1.20) | <0.0001 |
| Sex hormones | 442 (17.8) | 32,493 (24.9) | 0.65 (0.59–0.72) | <0.0001 | 0.74 (0.66–0.82) | <0.0001 |
| Beers criteria | ||||||
| Cardiovascular system | 7,543 (28.0) | 28,608 (23.7) | 1.25 (1.21–1.29) | <0.0001 | 1.37 (1.32–1.41) | <0.0001 |
| Endocrine system | 4,653 (26.2) | 31,498 (24.3) | 1.11 (1.07–1.15) | <0.0001 | 1.10 (1.06–1.15) | <0.0001 |
| Gastrointestinal system | 9,863 (30.8) | 26,288 (22.8) | 1.51 (1.47–1.55) | <0.0001 | 1.38 (1.35–1.42) | <0.0001 |
| Musculoskeletal system | 21,886 (23.4) | 14,265 (26.5) | 0.85 (0.83–0.87) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | 0.6894 |
| Central nervous system | 13,148 (26.6) | 23,003 (23.5) | 1.18 (1.15–1.21) | <0.0001 | 1.18 (1.15–1.21) | <0.0001 |
| Respiratory system | 4,135 (26.0) | 32,016 (24.3) | 1.09 (1.05–1.13) | <0.0001 | 1.09 (1.04–1.13) | <0.0001 |
| Sex hormones | 760 (22.4) | 35,391 (24.6) | 0.89 (0.82–0.96) | 0.0038 | 0.93 (0.85–1.01) | 0.0673 |
| Anti-infective | 42 (24.1) | 36,109 (24.5) | 0.98 (0.69–1.39) | 0.9078 | 1.06 (0.74–1.51) | 0.7533 |
| Blood and blood forming organs | 3,005 (25.2) | 33,146 (24.5) | 1.04 (1.00–1.09) | 0.0704 | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 0.557 |
| PRISCUS criteria | ||||||
| Cardiovascular system | 11,323 (26.8) | 13,221 (23.8) | 1.18 (1.14–1.21) | <0.0001 | 1.20 (1.16–1.24) | <0.0001 |
| Genitourinary system | 972 (22.9) | 23,572 (25.2) | 0.88 (0.82–0.95) | 0.0008 | 0.82 (0.76–0.88) | <0.0001 |
| Musculoskeletal system | 5,897 (21.9) | 18,647 (26.3) | 0.78 (0.76–0.81) | <0.0001 | 0.86 (0.83–0.89) | <0.0001 |
| Central nervous system | 12,058 (26.2) | 12,486 (24.1) | 1.12 (1.09–1.15) | <0.0001 | 1.12 (1.09–1.15) | <0.0001 |
| Respiratory system | 2,676 (32.8) | 21,868 (24.4) | 1.51 (1.44–1.59) | <0.0001 | 1.48 (1.41–1.56) | <0.0001 |
| Anti-infective | 42 (24.1) | 24,502 (25.1) | 0.95 (0.67–1.35) | 0.7727 | 1.00 (0.70–1.43) | 0.9925 |
| Blood and blood forming organs | 677 (26.7) | 23,867 (25.1) | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) | 0.0619 | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 0.7046 |
PIM, potentially inappropriate medication; OR, odds ratio; Postdischarge, within 30 days after the first discharge.
a
The study outcome of 90-day rehospitalization was the detection of the following events within 90 days after the first discharge: rehospitalization, emergency department visit, hospitalization via the emergency department, and death.
b
Had PIM, exposure and clinical outcome.
c
No PIM, exposure but had a clinical outcome.
d
Adjusted for age, gender, geographic region, income, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, drug-drug interaction, and polypharmacy.