TABLE 1.
Summary of randomised controlled trials (n > 100) directly comparing in-clinic or at-home telepsychiatry and in-person care
| Study | Participants, n | Population; condition(s) | Type of care | Follow-up duration | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Telepsychiatry delivered in the clinic | |||||
| Ruskin et al, 2004 | 119 | US Army veterans; depression | New assessments, psychoeducation, medication management, counselling | 6 months | No difference in outcome |
| De Las Cuevas et al, 2006 | 140 | General adults in the Canary Islands; any | New assessments, medication management, CBT | 6 months | No difference in outcome |
| O'Reilly et al, 2007 | 495 | General adults; any | New assessments, psychoeducation, medication, follow-up | 4 months | No difference in outcome |
| Mitchell et al, 2008 | 128 | General adults; bulimia nervosa | CBT | 12 months | In-person therapy slightly more effective |
| Morland et al, 2010 | 125 | US Army veterans; PTSD | Anger management therapy | 6 months | No difference in outcome |
| Moreno et al, 2012 | 167 | Hispanic adults; depression | New assessments, medication management, follow-up | 6 months | No difference in outcome |
| Chong et al, 2012 | 167 | Hispanic adults; depression | New assessments, medication management, follow-up | 6 months | No difference in outcome |
| Egede et al, 2015 | 241 | US Army veterans; depression | Behavioural activation therapy | 12 months | No difference in outcome |
| Acierno et al, 2016 | 232 | US Army veterans; PTSD or depression | Behavioural activation therapy | 12 months | No difference in outcome |
| Telepsychiatry delivered in the patient's home | |||||
| Mohr et al, 2012 | 325 | General adults; depression | Telephone-administered CBT | 12 weeks | In-person therapy slightly more effective |
| Choi et al, 2014 | 158 | Older adults; depression | Problem-solving therapy (via Skype video call) | 6 months | No difference in outcome |
| Luxton et al, 2016 | 121 | US Army veterans; depression | Behavioural activation therapy | 3 months | In-person therapy slightly more effective |
| Acierno et al, 2017 | 132 | US Army veterans; PTSD | Prolonged exposure therapy | 6 months | In-person therapy slightly more effective |
| Glassman et al, 2019 | 125 | US Arm veterans; PTSD | Cognitive processing therapy | 6 months | No difference in outcome |
PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; CBT, cognitive–behavioural therapy.