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Collective calcium waves in starved MDCK epithelial cells expressing calcium reporter GCaMP6S. Left panel: Raw images from the GCaMP6S channel; right panel: nuclear centroids color-coded according to ERK-KTR cytoplasmic/nuclear ratio. Green circles—apically extruded cells; black dots—active cells identified in the binarization step; shaded convex hulls—CEs identified by ARCOS. 1 movie frame corresponds to 5 s.
