Table 1.

Risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device

Increased right atrial pressure

Low pulse pressure

Elevated blood urea nitrogen

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Prior percutaneous coronary intervention

Coronary artery disease

Older age

Prior gastrointestinal abnormalities

Right heart failure

Tricuspid regurgitation or need for tricuspid valve surgery at time of left ventricular assist device

History of previous bleeding

Mean pulmonary artery pressure <18 mmHg

Increased fasting glucose

Chronic kidney disease

Phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors

Heartware left ventricular assist device (vs. Heartmate II)