Table 2.
Factors Associated With Viral Suppression (HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL) at 12 Months (Window Period 5–15 Months) Among Treatment-Naive Patients Initiating Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor– or Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy
| Characteristics | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI)a | OR (95% CI)a,b | RR (95% CI)c | |
| ART regimen | |||
| NNRTI-based | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| DTG-based | 2.16 (1.29–3.62) | 2.10 (1.12–3.94) | 1.11 (1.00–1.24) |
| Age, y | |||
| 15–24 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 25–34 | 1.56 (.62–3.89) | 1.81 (.57–5.69) | 1.09 (.87–1.37) |
| 35–44 | 1.05 (.45–2.45) | 1.55 (.51–4.73) | 1.03 (.82–1.29) |
| ≥45 | 1.23 (.51–3.00) | 1.36 (.43–4.31) | 0.99 (.78–1.26) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 0.65 (.38–1.12) | 0.62 (.32–1.21) | 0.96 (.85–1.07) |
| Marital status | |||
| Never | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Married/cohabiting | 3.19 (1.51–6.74) | 2.03 (.70–5.86) | 0.80 (.58–1.10) |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 2.94 (1.29–6.71) | 3.32 (1.03–10.7) | 1.04 (.93–1.17) |
| Disclosed HIV status | |||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.49 (.81–2.71) | 1.58 (.74–3.36) | 1.12 (.95–1.32) |
| Education | |||
| None | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Primary | 1.42 (.65–3.09) | 1.79 (.72–4.49) | 1.14 (.90–1.45) |
| Secondary and above | 1.65 (.57–4.79) | 4.72 (1.09–20.4) | 1.31 (1.02–1.70) |
| Distance of residence to clinic | |||
| ≤1 km | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 2 to <50 km | 1.07 (.60–1.89) | 1.27 (.64–2.54) | 1.02 (.91–1.15) |
| ≥50 km | 0.66 (.33–1.31) | 0.66 (.30–1.46) | 0.93 (.78–1.11) |
| Tuberculosis status | |||
| Unlikely | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 0.73 (.32–1.64) | 1.21 (.44–3.33) | .98 (.81–1.19) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 0.70 (.35–1.41) | 0.86 (.37–2.01) | 0.96 (.81–1.15) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Overweight (≥25) | 1.10 (.62–1.95) | 1.46 (.68–3.10) | 1.06 (.93–1.20) |
| HIV WHO stage | |||
| I/II | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| III/IV | 2.06 (1.24–3.41) | 2.33 (1.17–4.65) | 1.14 (1.00–1.34) |
| CD4 count, cells/µL | |||
| <100 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 100–349 | 1.03 (.54–1.96) | 0.70 (.32–1.54) | 0.93 (.81–1.06) |
| 350 | 2.13 (.99–4.56) | 0.98 (.39–2.45) | 1.00 (.87–1.16) |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DTG, dolutegravir; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; OR, odds ratio.
ORs and 95% CIs obtained from logistic regression.
Adjusted for all variables shown in the table; patients with missing data excluded (n = 330).
aRRs estimated from the multivariable logistic regression model with standard errors estimated using the delta method, adjusted for all variables shown in the table; patients with missing data excluded (n = 330).