Table 3.

Temporal evolution and perspectives in WEF nexus research during 2009–2021 period.

Period	Main perspectives	References
2009–2013	At the onset WEF nexus research is related to resource security on the system and sustainable ecosystem management by analysing climate change and land use sceneries. Authors developed an integrated nexus framework with a focus on direct drivers of change framing the nexus from political motivators and modelling tools to support integrated decision-making.	[66,95,96,100]
2014–2017	This finding gradually shifts to include the analysis of Sustainable Development Goals and WEF-livelihoods nexus trade-offs, synergies, and external pressures and stressors at multiple spatial and institutional scales. In this sense, authors analysed how economic prosperity is reached at the cost of depleting forests and natural resources, all associated with rapid industrialization, high growth, domestic investment, improved water sources, and labour force participation. Thence, an integrated nexus framework based on modules and the role of technologies in achieving sustainable development strengthens strategies about climate change, and sustainable agriculture were decisive in the transition to the next period.	[65,94,99,112]
2018–2021	Embody use, distribution, and productivity of the world's abandoned croplands where agricultural production systems integrated assessment practices, and decision-making. Nexus scenarios simulation and hotspots on population, anthropogenic pressures, agrotechnology, drivers, synergies, and trade-offs. Adaptive capacity, and resilience dimensions in nexus practice related to human health and environment. Integration of Ecosystem Services and soil into nexus analysis were preponderant targets in this period.	[19,67,78,85,[105], [106], [107], [108], [109],115]