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. 2023 Jul 28;23:139. doi: 10.1186/s12911-023-02233-0

Table 1.

The 12-lead ECG electrical activity [27, 28]

Lead Electrical activity Anatomical relations view
I LA-RA Lateral surface
II LL-RA Inferior surface of heart. P-wave mostly clear, and commonly used to observe the rhythm strip.
III LL-LA Inferior surface of heart
aVR RA-average of (LA + LL) Right atrium and left ventricle cavity
aVL LA-average of (RA + LL) Lateral surface
aVF LL-average of (LA + RA) Inferior surface of heart
V1 V1 - average of (LA + RA + LL) Anterior surface, right atrium and left ventricle cavity
V2 V2 - average of (LA + RA + LL) Anterior surface
V3 V3 - average of (LA + RA + LL) Anterior surface
V4 V4 - average of (LA + RA + LL) Anterior surface
V5 V5 - average of (LA + RA + LL) Lateral surface
V6 V6 - average of (LA + RA + LL) Lateral surface