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. 2023 Jul 27;16:253. doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-05855-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Clustering and difference analysis results at the ASV level of each group in challenge experiment. a The top 50 ASVs in terms of relative abundance were selected for cluster analysis, and a pairwise difference analysis was sequentially conducted with plot_taxa_heatmap function in R package microbiomeutilities (v.1.00.16). b–g Different microbial taxa between experimental groups are shown using phyloseq_to_deseq2 and DESeq function in R package phyloseq (v.1.36.0). The log2FoldChange setting is > 2 and the alpha setting is 0.05. In the case of significantly different levels of ASV abundances, classification was completed at the phylum and class levels. ASVs, Amplicon sequence variants