Table 2.
Etiology of HAI in the pre-COVID-19 (2012–2019) and COVID-19 (2020–2021) periods (The Cuban Hospital Medical Surgical Intensive Care Unit).
| Isolate | Pre-COVID-19 | COVID-19 | ||
| Total no. isolates | MDRO (%) * | Total no. isolates | MDRO (%) * | |
| Bacterial | ||||
| Acinetobacter spp. | 0 | 6 | 0.0 | |
| Citrobacter spp. | 0 | 2 | 0.0 | |
| Enterobacter spp. | 3 | 33.3 | 12 | 91.7 |
| Enterocococcus spp. | 0 | 9 | 11.1 | |
| Escherichia coli | 0 | 6 | 83.3 | |
| Klebsiella spp. | 6 | 16.7 | 30 | 46.7 |
| Morganella morgani | 1 | 100 | 1 | 100.0 |
| Proteus spp. | 2 | 50.0 | 0 | |
| Pseudomonas spp. | 5 | 20.0 | 42 | 40.5 |
| Serratia marcescens | 2 | 50 | 11 | 100.0 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 2 | 50 | 3 | 66.6 |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 1 | 100 | 9 | 66.7 |
| Clostridium difficile | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Fungal** | ||||
| Candida spp. | 0 | 13 | ||
| Trichosporon asahii | 1 | 0 | ||
*Proportion of isolated with a multidrug-resistant pattern, **resistance to antifungal not presented, #spp. refers to species. HAI: healthcare-associated infections; MDRO: multidrug-resistant organisms.