Table 1.

Characteristics of included publications in the literature.

No	Author; year	Region	Type and year of survey	Children (N)	age	Study design	Residence	Statistical measure of association	Measured index
1	AbdElAziz and Hegazy 2012	Egypt	2010	N=200	6–24 months	Case control study	Rural-urban	odds ratio and P value	Underweight
2	Aitsi-Selmi 2014	Egypt	2008	N= 5357	0–3 years	Cross-sectional study	Rural-urban	Proportion	Stunting
3	Dahab et al., 2020	Sudan	2014	N= 14081	0–5 years	Cross-sectional study	Rural-urban	Proportion and odds ratio	Underweight
4	Elsary et al. 2017	Egypt	2014	N=400	0–5 years	Cross-sectional study	Rural	Proportion and P value	Stunting, wasting and underweight
5	El Taguri et al., 2008	Libya	1995	N= 4549	0–5 years	Cross-sectional study	Rural-urban	odd ratio and P value	Stunting
6	El Taguri et al. 2009	Libya	2003	N = 7232	0–5 years	Cross-sectional study	Rural-urban	Proportion, risk ratio, and confidence interval	Stunting
		Morocco	2003	N= 5380	0–5 years		Rural-urban
7	Kavle et al., 2015	Egypt	2005	N= 6091	6–59 months	Cross-sectional study	Rural-urban	Proportion and odds ratio	Stunting
			2008	N= 7794	6–59 months		Rural-urban
8	Khatab 2010	Egypt	2003	N= 6661	0–5 years	Cross-sectional study	Rural-urban	Geoadditive Gaussian and latent variable models	Stunting, wasting and underweight
9	Kiarie et al., 2021	Sudan	2018	N= 630	6–59 months	Cross-sectional study	Rural	Odds ratio and proportion and P value	Stunting, wasting and underweight
10	Musa et al. 2014	Sudan	2014	N= 411	0–5 years	Cross-sectional study	Urban	Proportion and confidence intervals	Wasting
11	Seedhom et al. 2014	Egypt	2014	N=700	6–24 months	Cross-sectional study	Rural	Proportion, odds ratio, and P value	Stunting
12	Sharaf et al. 2018	Egypt	2014	N= 13682	0–4 years	Cross-sectional study	Rural-urban	Three-fold decomposition	Stunting
13	Sulaiman et al. 2018	Sudan	2014	N=1635	0–5 years	Cross-sectional study	Rural	Proportion and confidence intervals	Stunting, wasting and underweight
14	Zottarelli et al. 2007	Egypt	2000	N=10194	0–5 years	Cross-sectional study	Rural-urban	Odds ratio, standard error, and P value	Stunting, wasting and underweight