| CAVD | Calcific aortic valve disease |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium |
| DPBS | Dulbecco’s balanced salt solution |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| HUVEC | Human umbilical vein endothelial cell |
| MV | Endothelial cell growth medium |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor beta |
| VEC | Valvular endothelial cell |
| VIC | Valvular interstitial cell |
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