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. 2023 Jul 3;10(7):798. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10070798

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Melanin contents after 1st, 2nd, and 3rd month (A); erythema level after 1st, 2nd, and 3rd month (B) after application of O-NLC-E. Percent change in skin melanin and erythema after 1st month (1 M), 2nd month (2 M), and 3rd month (3 M) by applying O-NLC-E, along with their respective B-NLC-E. # shows significance difference between O-NLC-E readings taken at different time intervals (1 M: standard) and * shows significance difference between O-NLC-E and their respective B-NLC-E. #### and **** indicates p < 0.0001, and ns means no significance. n = 11.