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. 2023 Jul 6;12(7):1391. doi: 10.3390/antiox12071391

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Pathways and proteins involved in trafficking of CoQ₆ to and from mitochondria. See text for the description of gene products that are involved in transport of CoQ₆ in yeast. The endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) is formed by Mdm10 and Mdm34 at the outer mitochondrial membrane, Mdm12 in the cytosol, and Mmm1 on the ER membrane. Septin filaments are hetero-oligomeric complexes composed of septin subunits, including Cdc10, Cdc3, Cdc12, Cdc11, and sometimes Shs1. PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A. Dashed lines denoted with question marks indicate postulated pathways of CoQ trafficking. Created with Biorender.com (Accessed on 25 May 2023).