Table 1.
Breed (Population) | Code | n | Breed Type | Origin | Refs | Image Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Old Russian indigenous breeds | |||||||
Orloff Mille Fleur | OMF | 29 | DPB/MEB, fancy and semi-game breed (GB), cold and heat tolerant, chicks are late feathering and cannot withstand cold and humidity, incubation instinct | Central Russia, late 18th century, from local chickens, Gilian and Old English Game | [32,33,37,43] | a | |
Poltava Clay | PC | 21 | DPB/MEB | Poltava Governorate, Russia; mid 19th century, from local chickens, Buff Orpington and possibly RIR and NH, Wyandotte, etc., bred at the Ukrainian Poultry Research Institute, USSR since 1951 | [32,33,38,39,40,41] | a | |
Russian Black Bearded (Galan) | RBB | 25 | DPB/MEB and fancy, cold tolerant, incubation instinct | Kursk, Oryol and neighboring governorates, Russia, 19th century (2nd half), from (1) Wyandotte and Crevecoeur or (2) Orloff Black and Wyandotte | [32] | b | |
Russian Crested | RC | 29 | DPB/MEB and fancy, cold tolerant, incubation instinct | Russia, 19th century, from local chickens and possibly Asian breeds | [32] | a | |
Ushanka (or Ukrainian Muffed) | Ush | 30 | DPB/MEB and fancy, sex-linked early feathering in chicks, cold tolerant, incubation instinct | South Russia and territory of Ukraine, 17th century to 1880s, from local chickens, probable random mating to other breeds | [32,33,37] | a | |
Yurlov Crower | YC | 36 | DPB/MEB, long crowing, of two varieties (silver and golden), sex-linked late feathering in chicks | Russia, 19th century (2nd half), from local and GB chickens, Brahma, Cochin and Langshan, almost extinct in 1941–1945, brought to ARPRTI, Zagorsk, USSR in 1948 | [32,33,34,35,36] | a | |
Improved Russian breeds | |||||||
Adler Silver | AS | 30 | DPB/MEB | Adler Poultry Farm, Krasnodar Krai, USSR, 1951–1965, from Pm, RW, NH, White Plymouth Rock and YC | [32] | a | |
Kotlyarevsky | Kt | 28 | DPB/MEB | Kotlyarevsky Breeding Farm, Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR, USSR, 20th century (2nd half), from NH, RW, ZS, Naked Neck and Barred Plymouth Rock | [32] | b | |
Kuchino Jubilee | KJ | 29 | DPB/MEB, sex-linked early feathering in chicks | Kuchinsky State Breeding Farm, Moscow Oblast, USSR, 1947–1990, from RW, NH, RIR, AoB, Plymouth Rock White, YC, Brown Leghorn (Italian Partridge) and Livny | [32] | a | |
Leningrad Mille Fleur | LMF | 7 | DPB/EMB | RRIFAGB, Pushkin, Leningrad Oblast, USSR, 1985, from Australorp Black Speckled, NH and PC | [33] | a | |
Pervomai | Pm | 30 | DPB/MEB | Pervoe Maya State Farm, Kharkov Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, USSR, 1935–1941; Pachelma State Farm, Penza Oblast, RSFSR, USSR, 1942–1963; from White Wyandotte, RIR and YC | [32,33] | a | |
Russian White (ARPRTI) | RW1 | 29 | ETB | USSR, 1929–1953, from local white chickens and WL, bred at ARPRTI, Zagorsk/Sergiev Posad, USSR/Russia | [32,37,42] | b | |
Russian White (RRIFAGB) | RW2 | 71 | ETB, cold tolerant | Bred at RRIFAGB, Pushkin, USSR/Russia since 1952, a single telic mating of an RRIFAGB inbred line of RW, selected for cold tolerance, to WL | [32,33,37,42,44,45,46] | a | |
Ushanka Foot-feathered | UshF | 6 | DPB/MEB and fancy, cold tolerant | ARPRTI, Sergiev Posad, Russia, 20th century (more recently), from Pavlov, Orloff and possibly Ush | [32] | b | |
Zagorsk Salmon | ZS | 27 | DPB/MEB, sex-linked late feathering and down color in chicks | Zagorsk, USSR, 1950–1959, from RW, NH, RIR and YC | [32,33] | a | |
Specialized foreign breeds | |||||||
Australorp Black | AoB | 30 | DPB/MEB | Australia, 1890s to 1929, from Black Orpington, RIR, Black Minorca, WL, Langshan and Barred Plymouth Rock, bred in Russia since 1946 | [32,33] | a | |
Cornish White | CW | 24 | MTB | England, 1886, from local GB chickens, Asil, White Malay, Indian Game and Cochin, used as paternal stock in commercial broiler crosses, bred in Russia | [33,37,42] | a | |
New Hampshire | NH | 10 | DPB/MEB | USA, early 20th century to 1935, from RIR | [32,33] | a | |
Rhode Island Red | RIR | 17 | DPB/EMB | States of Rhode Island and Massachusetts, USA, 1880s to 1904, from Cochin, Java, Malay, Shanghai and Brown Leghorn | [32,47] | a | |
White Leghorn | WL | 20 | ETB, the only Mediterranean breed of economic importance today | Tuscany, Italy, 19th century, from light rural breeds, brought to USA in 1828, a white variety imported to USA in 1853, line G11 bred in Germany since 1965 | [48,49] | a |
Image sources: a, authors’ own photographs; b, owned by one of the authors, D.V.A., and reproduced by him on his website (Ref. [32]).