Table 3.
Bothersomeness score outcome by groups of menopause status (pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women). Shown are means with 95% confidence intervals and differences with 95% confidence intervals calculated by an adjusted linear regression model using the bothersomeness scores as the outcome and groups of menopause status (pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal) as the exposure. Co-variates in the adjusted model were; the number of previous urinary tract infections, days with symptoms before consulting, bacteriuria, and use of painkillers. Significant estimates are marked with an asterisk, * = significant on a 5% significance level, ** = significant after adjusting with the Benjamini-Hochberg method. The method of Benjamini-Hochberg rejects all p-values less than 0.0028 to control the false discovery rate at 5%.
| Symptom | Premenopausal | Perimenopausal | Postmenopausal | Adjusted Difference between Postmenopausal and Premenopasal Women |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DYSURIA Symptom dimension |
1.64 (1.57 to 1.71) | 1.46 (1.38 to 1.55) | 1.32 (1.25 to 1.39) | −0.38 (−0.61 to −0.15) *, ** |
| Pain on urination | 1.91 (1.81 to 2.00) | 1.94 (1.84 to 2.05) | 1.41 (1.31 to 1.51) | −0.54 (−0.83 to −0.25) *, ** |
| Difficult to empty bladder | 1.48 (1.38 to 1.58) | 1.23 (1.11 to 1.35) | 1.29 (1.19 to 1.39) | −0.28 (−0.61 to 0.04) |
| Uncomfortable pressure around the bladder | 1.53 (1.43 to 1.62) | 1.22 (1.11 to 1.34) | 1.26 (1.17 to 1.35) | −0.32 (−0.62 to −0.01) * |
| FREQUENCY Symptom dimension |
1.68 (1.60 to 1.75) | 1.64 (1.54 to 1.74) | 1.81 (1.73 to 1.89) | 0.09 (−0.16 to 0.34) |
| Frequent urination–daytime | 1.95 (1.87 to 2.04) | 1.84 (1.72 to 1.96) | 1.94 (1.85 to 2.04) | −0.07 (−0.36 to 0.23) |
| Increased urge for urination | 2.05 (1.97 to 2.14) | 2.06 (1.95 to 2.17) | 2.06 (1.98 to 2.15) | −0.03 (−0.31 to 0.25) |
| Has to hurry to the toilet | 1.59 (1.49 to 1.69) | 1.54 (1.42 to 1.66) | 1.79 (1.69 to 1.89) | 0.17 (−0.14 to 0.49) |
| Incontinence | 1.12 (1.02 to 1.22) | 1.13 (1.00 to 1.25) | 1.46 (1.35 to 1.56) | 0.29 (−0.04 to 0.62) |
| LOWER BACK Symptom dimension |
0.54 (0.47 to 0.61) | 0.59 (0.50 to 0.67) | 0.51 (0.43 to 0.58) | −0.10 (−0.33 to 0.14) |
| Pain in lower back | 0.60 (0.53 to 0.67) | 0.63 (0.54 to 0.72) | 0.58 (0.50 to 0.67) | −0.07 (−0.32 to 0.17) |
| Uncomfortable pressure in lower back | 0.48 (0.41 to 0.55) | 0.54 (0.45 to 0.63) | 0.43 (0.36 to 0.50) | −0.12 (−0.36 to 0.12) |
| GENERAL Symptom dimension |
0.84 (0.78 to 0.89) | 0.90 (0.81 to 0.99) | 0.65 (0.59 to 0.71) | −0.26 (−0.46 to −0.06) * |
| Feeling unwell | 1.59 (1.50 to 1.69) | 1.46 (1.34 to 1.58) | 1.11 (1.01 to 1.21) | −0.62 (−0.92 to −0.32) *, ** |
| Fever | 0.45 (0.38 to 0.51) | 0.65 (0.55 to 0.75) | 0.44 (0.37 to 0.51) | −0.05 (−0.28 to 0.17) |
| Shivering | 0.47 (0.40 to 0.54) | 0.60 (0.50 to 0.70) | 0.4 (0.33 to 0.47) | −0.11 (−0.35 to 0.13) |
| Single symptoms | ||||
| Burning | 1.74 (1.64 to 1.83) | 1.72 (1.61 to 1.84) | 1.56 (1.47 to 1.66) | −0.26 (−0.57 to 0.04) |
| Smell | 0.97 (0.88 to 1.07) | 1.02 (0.90 to 1.14) | 0.93 (0.83 to 1.03) | −0.08 (−0.41 to 0.25) |
| Appearance | 0.66 (0.59 to 0.73) | 0.88 (0.77 to 0.98) | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.97) | 0.18 (−0.14 to 0.51) |
| Blood | 0.38 (0.31 to 0.45) | 0.50 (0.40 to 0.59) | 0.19 (0.13 to 0.24) | −0.19 (−0.47 to 0.09) |
| Frequent urination–nighttime | 1.31 (1.21 to 1.40) | 1.30 (1.18 to 1.43) | 1.57 (1.47 to 1.68) | 0.18 (−0.16 to 0.51) |
| Pain around bladder | 1.55 (1.46 to 1.64) | 1.22 (1.11 to 1.33) | 1.20 (1.11 to 1.29) | −0.41 (−0.71 to −0.11) * |