Table 2.
Characteristics of the trials included in the meta‐analysis.
| Author, year | Location | MetS diagnostic criteria | Age (intervention/control) | No. of participant (intervention/control) | Sex (female/male) | Type of intervention/placebo | Dose of intervention (mg/day) | Duration of study (weeks) | Side effects | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salimi, 2017 | Iran | NCEP-ATP III | Mean age, 48 | 10/10 | 20/0 | Curcumin/placebo | 20 mg/kg | 8 | None | BMI, weight, WC, FBG, FAT%, BP, HDL-C, TG, TNF-α, |
| Alidadi, 2021 | Iran | IDF | 42.84 ± 6.25/44.43 ± 5.92 | 32/28 | 29/31 | Curcumin/placebo | 500 | 12 | None | BMI, WC, NC, FM, VFA, weight, FPG, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, SBP, DBP |
| Amin, 2015 | Pakistan | NCEP-ATP III | 42.4 ± 13.7/41.57 ± 12.8 | 56/52 | 108/0 | Supplement of turmeric powder/spaghula husk capsule | 2,400 | 8 | Dyspepsia | BMI, weight, WC, HC, SBP, DBP, FBG, LDL, HDL, TG, CRP |
| Bateni, 2021 | Iran | NCEP-ATP III | 50 ± 9/54 ± 7 | 22/21 | 10/33 | Nana-micelle curcumin/placebo | 80 | 12 | None | BMI, weight, WC, total body fat%, total body muscle%, SBP, DBP, FBS, HbA1c, Insulin, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C |
| Pierro, 2015 | Italy | NCEP-ATP III | 39.10 ± 16.8/41.85 ± 15.91 | 22/22 | 17/27 | Curcumin supplement/phosphatidylserine | 800 | 4 | None | BMI, Weight, WC, HC, FAT% |
| Osali, 2020 | Iran | NCEP-ATP III | Mean age, 62.3 ± 1.23 | 11/11 | 0/22 | Nano-curcumin/placebo | 80 | 6 | None | BMI, Weight, WC, Glucose, SBP, TG, HDL, body fat%, MDA, CRP, IL-6, IL-10 |
| Panahi, 2015 | Iran | NCEP-ATP III | 44.80 ± 8.67/43.46 ± 9.7 | 50/50 | 50/50 | Curcuminoids–piperine/placebo | 1,000 | 8 | None | hsCRP, MDA, SBP, DBP, FBS, HbA1c |
| Saberi-Karimian,2018 | Iran | IDF | 37.52 ± 9.47/38.59 ± 10.28 | 36/36 | 11/61 | Curcumin/placebo | 1,000 | 6 | None | Weight, BMI, WC, FBG, hsCRP, FAT%, SBP, DBP, LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, T-Chol, Apo A, Apo B |
| Yang, 2014 | Iran | NCEP-ATP III | 59.03 ± 10.1/59.61 ± 14.09 | 30/29 | 23/36 | Curcumin extract/placebo | 1,890 | 12 | Stomach pain, mild diarrhea, nausea | Weight, BMI, TG, T-Chol, FPG, HDL-C, LDL-C, T-Chol, VLDL, HbA1c |
| Bateni, 2022 | Iran | NCEP-ATP III | 50 ± 9/54 ± 7 | 22/21 | 10/33 | Nana-micelle curcumin/placebo | 80 | 12 | None | TAC, MDA, hsCRP, NF-kB |
| Panahi, 2016 | Iran | NCEP-ATP III | 44.80 ± 8.67/43.46 ± 9.7 | 50/50 | 50/50 | Curcuminoids–piperine/placebo | 1,000 | 8 | Gastrointestinal | TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, MCP-1 |
| Zhang, 2019 | China | NCEP-ATP III | 66.9 ± 14.1/68.1 ± 12.3 | 46/46 | 45/47 | Curcumin/control | 1,500 | 4 | None | TC, TG, FPG, LDL-C, HDL-C |
| Osali, 2018 | Iran | NCEP-ATP III | Mean age, 62.3 ± 1.23 | 11/11 | 0/22 | Nano-curcumin/placebo | 80 | 6 | None | TNF-α |
MetS, metabolic syndrome; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; FBG, fasting blood glucose; BP, blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL, interleukin; CRP, C-reactive protein; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; Apo A, apolipoprotein A; Apo B, apolipoprotein B; VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; MDA, malondialdehyde; HC, hip circumference; NC, neck circumference; VFA, visceral fat area; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta; MCP-1, chemoattractant protein-1.