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. 2023 Jul 14;4:1217054. doi: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1217054

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Copyright © 2023 Awad, Ahuja, Yacoub, Brotto, Young, Mikos, Aswath and Varanasi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of small molecular delivery of Si⁴⁺ that rescues human endothelial cell angiogenesis when exposed to reactive oxygen species and normal conditions. Primary human endothelial cells showed thick and dense tubules when exposed to 1.0 mM ionic Si (A) vs no Si treatment exhibiting immature tubule formation (B) in 24 h in vitro. HUVECs under ROS conditions (H₂O₂) showed increased angiogenic marker expression vs no Si ion treatments (C) (All experiments were performed with n = 6 per group according to protocols and methods published by Monte et al. (Monte et al., 2018).