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Model depicting the mechanisms of action of osteocyte-derived PTHrP. Full-length PTHrP is secreted in the lacunocanalicular network (A) and can activate autocrine (B) and paracrine pathways (C) via PTHR1–cAMP signaling resulting in the modification of gene expression. In addition, NTS-containing PTHrP fragments can also stimulate osteogenesis through a poorly elucidated intracrine action (D). Reprinted from [41].
