Table 2.

Summary of clinical case reports using phage–antibiotic combination against MDR P. aeruginosa.

Disease	Bacteria	Phage Therapy	Antibiotic Combination	Outcome	Reference
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI)	P. aeruginosa	Three-phage cocktail (109 PFU/mL)	Ciprofloxacin Ceftazidime	Rapid improvement of patient’s health	[46]
Catheter-related bacteremia	Pandrug-resistant P. aeruginosa	Personalized three-phage cocktail (106 PFU/mL) IV 3 h for 21 days	IV Cefiderocol 2 weeks later IV Colistin	Favorable to patient after 21 months follow-up	[47]
Catheter-related bacteremia	P. aeruginosa XDR	Phage cocktail (108 PFU/mL) by direct contact with the infected bone for 4 h	Colistin (local) IV Ceftolozane/Tazobactam	Favorable, with no bacterial growth and rapid healing of bone	[48]
Liver infection	P. aeruginosa XDR	IV BFC1 cocktail (107 PFU/mL)	IV Gentamycin, Colistin and Aztreonam	Controlled the bloodstream infection, and retransplantation was possible after 72 days	[22]
Cystic fibrosis	P. aeruginosa MDR	IV AB-PA01 (109 PFU/mL) every 6 h for 8 weeks	Ciprofloxacin and Piperaciclin-tazobactam for 3 weeks; added Doripenem	No P. aeruginosa recurrence or CF exacerbation	[49]
Pneumonia	P. aeruginosa MDR	1) Nebulized AB-PA01 (109 PFU/mL) for 2 weeks 2) AB-PA01-m1 and Navy-1 phage cocktail (109 PFU/mL)	Piperaciclin-Tazobactam and Colistin	No active P. aeruginosa pneumonia after 3 months	[50]
Recurrent infections post-transplant	P. aeruginosa MDR	IV AB-PA01 for 4 weeks (106 PFU/mL)	Inhaled Colistin Piperaciclin-Tazobactam from day 60 to 90	No additional P. aeruginosa was cultured	[50]
Pneumonia	Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa	Personalized two-phage cocktail preparations (108 PFU/mL). Nebulized administration and intrapleural for 24 days	IV Amikacin, Azhitromycin, Imipenem, and Ceftazidime-Avibactam	Clearance of the pathogen and clinical improvement	[51]
Graft infection, bacteremia	P. aeruginosa	OMK01 (107 PFU/mL)	Ceftazidime	General clinical improvement	[52]
Wound infection	P. aeruginosa	PA5 and PA10 (1010 PFU/mL)	IV Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Colistin	The wound completely healed, with no P. aeruginosa detection	[53]
Relapsing bacteremia	P. aeruginosa MDR	Local application of BFC 1.10 (107 PFU/mL) cocktail	IV Ceftazidime-Avibactam	Bacterial eradication	[23]
Bacteremia	P. aeruginosa MDR	Local application (108 PFU/mL) during surgery every 8 h for 5 days	IV Colistin, Meropenem, and Ceftazidime	No P. aeruginosa detection	[54]