Figure 3.

Summary of efflux pumps (EPs) related to AMR detected from the H. pylori genome. The green circle contains Eps reported by previous H. pylori AMR studies. The sequences of these Eps were collected from H. pylori strain 26695 then used as a query for BLASTN against the global H. pylori sequence dataset (2170 strains). The result showed that most of these EPs were ARG-CORE. The blue circle contains EPs identified by ARG detection tools and databases. Many of these EPs were found in low numbers of H. pylori and were commonly reported in other species of bacteria. This result suggests that some EP genes may have been obtained by HGT via MGE transfer.