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. 2023 Jul 27;14(1):2184518. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2184518

Table 3.

Shows the bacterial degradation of dyes and the mechanism involved.

Bacteria Dye Mechanism Reference
Bacillus sp Red HE78 Enzymatic degradation by Azoreductase and Laccase [22]
Aeromonas sp. Methyl Orange Enzymatic degradation by Laccase, NADH-DCIP reductase and Azo-reductase [23]
Shewanellamarisflavi Xylidine ponceau 2 R Flocculation and Enzymatic degradation [24]
Pseudomonas extremorietalis Congo Red Enzymatic degradation by Laccase [25]
Aeromonas hydrophila SKK16 and Lysinibacillus sphaericus SK13 Remazol Yellow F3R,
Drimaren Black
Joyflix Yellow F3R
Enzymatic degradation by Laccase and Azoreductase [26]
Aeromonas hydrophila, Lysinibacillus sphaericus Reactive Red 195 Enzymatic degradation by Laccase and Azoreductases [27]
Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus Bemacron Yellow
Bemacron Blue
Adsorption and oxidation [28]
Escherichia coli Methyl Orange Enzymatic degradation [29]
Aeromonas hydrophila,
Lysinibacillus sphaericus
Reactive Red F3B
Joyfix Yellow MR
Remazol Blue
Remazol Red RGB
Enzymatic degradation by Laccase and Azoreductase [30]
Micrococcus sp. Reactive Red −120 Enzymatic degradation by Laccase and Azoreductase [31]
Orskoviapaurometabola Acid Red 14 Enzymatic degradation [32]
Bacillus sp. Ponceau 4 R Enzymatic degradation by Azoreductase [33]
Pseudomonas stutzeri Acid Blue 113 Enzymatic degradation by Azoreductase and Laccase [34]
Aeromonas hydrophila Reactive Yellow F3R
Joyfix Red RB Remazol yellow RR
Enzymatic degradation by Laccase, Veratryl alcohol oxidase and Azoreductase [35]
Anoxybacillus sp. Direct Black G Enzymatic Azoreductase, Pyruvate Kinase, Quinone reductase [36]