Figure 9.

Comparative analysis of gene mutation frequency in appendiceal, colorectal, small bowel, and gastric cancers. According to it, the frequency of mutations in TP53 and PIK3CA genes is lower in appendiceal tumors compared to the other tumor types, and the frequency of mutations in APC gene in appendiceal cancers is comparable to that in small bowel tumors, differentiating appendiceal tumors from tumors of the middle and lower digestive tract. However, the frequency of mutations in the KRAS and SMAD4 genes is comparable to the frequency of mutations in these genes in colorectal and small bowel cancers, indicating the possibility of common genetic causes for all three tumors.