Table 5.

Survival data and perioperative morbidities reported by the included studies.

Author	1-Year Survival *	2-Year Survival *	3-Year Survival *	4-Year Survival *	5-Year Survival *	Univariate Analysis	Multivariate Analysis	Survival Analysis Outcomes	Clavien–Dindo 0–2 *	Clavien–Dindo 3–5 *
Oshima [20]	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	HR: 3.2706, p = 0.0060	HR: 5.1842 p = 0.0036	Higher CAR was associated with significantly shorter overall survival	85% vs. 62%, p = 0.3780	15% vs. 28%, p = 0.3780
Wijk [21]	84% vs. 87%	67% vs. 73%	50% vs. 60%	34% vs. 46%	NR	HR: 1.406, p = 0.028	HR:1.745, p = 0.004	Higher CAR is an independent indicator of decreased overall survival	84% vs. 84%, p = 1.00	16% vs. 16%, p = 1.00
Murakawa [23]	NR	NR	NR	NR	23% vs. 36%, p = 0.0089	HR: 1.872, p = 0.01	HR: 1.692, p = 0.038	Higher CAR was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival	19% vs. 13%, p = 0.400	81% vs. 87%, p = 0.400
Vujic [23]	56% vs. 67%, p = 0.013	29% vs. 35%, p = 0.013	12% vs. 21%, p = 0.013	8% vs. 15%, p = 0.013	3% vs. 7%, p = 0.013	OR: 1.454, p = 0.036	OR: 1.459, p = 0.045	Higher CAR was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival	NR	NR
Ikuta [24]	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	HR:2.123, p = 0.01	HR:1.978, p = 0.03	Higher CAR was an independent predictor of poor overall survival	NR	NR
Ikeguchi [25]	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	OR:2.895, p = 0.025	Higher CAR was strong preoperative markers of poor overall survival	NR	NR
Wu [26]	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	HR: 3.619, p = 0.000	HR: 3.99, p = 0.000	Higher CAR was an independent and significant predictor of poor overall survival	NR	NR
Haruki [27]	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	HR: 1.721, p = 0.023	HR: 1.726, p = 0.035	Higher CAR was an independent and significant predictor of poor overall survival	72% vs. 78%, p = 0.519	28% vs. 22%, p = 0.519

Abbreviations: HR, Hazard ratio; OR, Odds ratio; CAR; C-reactive protein to albumin ratio; NR, not reported. * High CAR versus Low CAR.